Adrian Goldsworthy

Obviously, Rome... has rarely seen an emperor for a long time. It's an odd thing. It's one of those things that when I was writing about this period, it didn't really occur to me until I went back and looked at Augustus. Augustus spent most of his reign touring around the empire. He spent more time away from Italy than he was there.

Obviously, Rome... has rarely seen an emperor for a long time. It's an odd thing. It's one of those things that when I was writing about this period, it didn't really occur to me until I went back and looked at Augustus. Augustus spent most of his reign touring around the empire. He spent more time away from Italy than he was there.

Obviously, Rome... has rarely seen an emperor for a long time. It's an odd thing. It's one of those things that when I was writing about this period, it didn't really occur to me until I went back and looked at Augustus. Augustus spent most of his reign touring around the empire. He spent more time away from Italy than he was there.

And if he wasn't touring, then an Agrippa or a Tiberius or a Drusus. For a long time, that changes because you have Tiberius who doesn't want to go anywhere and is too old and fed up. And that sort of sets the pattern. And then you get the traveling emperors like Hadrian. who pop up later on, a century or so later.

And if he wasn't touring, then an Agrippa or a Tiberius or a Drusus. For a long time, that changes because you have Tiberius who doesn't want to go anywhere and is too old and fed up. And that sort of sets the pattern. And then you get the traveling emperors like Hadrian. who pop up later on, a century or so later.

And if he wasn't touring, then an Agrippa or a Tiberius or a Drusus. For a long time, that changes because you have Tiberius who doesn't want to go anywhere and is too old and fed up. And that sort of sets the pattern. And then you get the traveling emperors like Hadrian. who pop up later on, a century or so later.

But most of them, unless they're fighting a war, which becomes more common from the third century onwards, but it's already happening. Marcus Aurelius, the man who leaves us his meditations, not thought of as a soldier, spends a lot of his reign supervising a campaign, if not leading in person.

But most of them, unless they're fighting a war, which becomes more common from the third century onwards, but it's already happening. Marcus Aurelius, the man who leaves us his meditations, not thought of as a soldier, spends a lot of his reign supervising a campaign, if not leading in person.

But most of them, unless they're fighting a war, which becomes more common from the third century onwards, but it's already happening. Marcus Aurelius, the man who leaves us his meditations, not thought of as a soldier, spends a lot of his reign supervising a campaign, if not leading in person.

By the third century, that's pretty much what you're doing a lot of your time as an emperor, and this will remain for a long, long period. That means that you move away from Rome because the wars aren't being fought in Rome. So from the third century onwards, really, Rome rarely sees an emperor and it changes the whole political system, which is to do with other changes as well.

By the third century, that's pretty much what you're doing a lot of your time as an emperor, and this will remain for a long, long period. That means that you move away from Rome because the wars aren't being fought in Rome. So from the third century onwards, really, Rome rarely sees an emperor and it changes the whole political system, which is to do with other changes as well.

By the third century, that's pretty much what you're doing a lot of your time as an emperor, and this will remain for a long, long period. That means that you move away from Rome because the wars aren't being fought in Rome. So from the third century onwards, really, Rome rarely sees an emperor and it changes the whole political system, which is to do with other changes as well.

Then you get the sort of the soldier emperors, the Aurelians, the Diocletians, the Constantine, people like this, again, who are on campaign a lot. And that's when you have the movement to imperial capitals. elsewhere. So you have them in Constantinople, you have them in Trier, on the Rhine.

Then you get the sort of the soldier emperors, the Aurelians, the Diocletians, the Constantine, people like this, again, who are on campaign a lot. And that's when you have the movement to imperial capitals. elsewhere. So you have them in Constantinople, you have them in Trier, on the Rhine.

Then you get the sort of the soldier emperors, the Aurelians, the Diocletians, the Constantine, people like this, again, who are on campaign a lot. And that's when you have the movement to imperial capitals. elsewhere. So you have them in Constantinople, you have them in Trier, on the Rhine.

And the court is always where the emperor is, but there is a tendency to settle down and keep some of it in a sort of semi-permanent base so that people know where to go to find you. at least to start the process of, I need something from the emperor. This is where I go. So Rome has been marginalized for a long time.

And the court is always where the emperor is, but there is a tendency to settle down and keep some of it in a sort of semi-permanent base so that people know where to go to find you. at least to start the process of, I need something from the emperor. This is where I go. So Rome has been marginalized for a long time.

And the court is always where the emperor is, but there is a tendency to settle down and keep some of it in a sort of semi-permanent base so that people know where to go to find you. at least to start the process of, I need something from the emperor. This is where I go. So Rome has been marginalized for a long time.

And when Ammianus in the fourth century writes about Constantius visiting Rome, it's very much a novelty. And the emperor who rides in this chariot like a statue and doesn't look to, you know, doesn't acknowledge the crowds, that's it. So Rome has a symbolic importance.

And when Ammianus in the fourth century writes about Constantius visiting Rome, it's very much a novelty. And the emperor who rides in this chariot like a statue and doesn't look to, you know, doesn't acknowledge the crowds, that's it. So Rome has a symbolic importance.