Dr. Layne Norton

The question is, what is the overall outcome of that, right?

Like we said, aspirin activates procoagulant, anticoagulant pathways, but the overall effect is anticoagulation.

Plants, fruits and vegetables.

So both...

Any food may activate positive and negative pathways, but the question is like, what's the overall effect, right?

Because if we try to tease apart every individual biochemical pathway, it's gonna be really hard to wrap that back together.

And again, with fiber, there's also a dose response.

We see a dose response in these cohort studies.

And again, if we do a forest plot of studies showing benefit or showing harm,

Literally every single study is on the side of benefit.

So I just don't know how much more data you need.

Just because fiber might – some sources of fiber might make your tummy hurt doesn't mean fiber is bad for you.

I don't know how else I can lay that out.

I don't even like eating vegetables either.

I just do it because I know it's good for me.

I think there's a possibility but I think based on the research I've seen, if it does exist, it's probably pretty small.

You do – in some studies – I actually posted about this I think yesterday.

You do in some studies see some of the more transient markers have an effect with like – especially like early time-restricted eating versus like continuous feeding.

But –

You don't – at least to my knowledge, I haven't really seen one that shows a difference like HbA1c or HOMA-IR, those sorts of things, which you tend to see as like fasting blood glucose, fasting insulin, maybe a little bit lower in the early time-restricted eating, which –