Kristen Hayashi

So we talk about how, you know, what did you need to get a formal apology from the United States government? I mean, that's a profound act by the government. So you needed political representation in Congress. So in the 1950s, that's when you start to see Japanese Americans elected to Congress, first with Senator Inoue, who was a World War II veteran.

So we talk about how, you know, what did you need to get a formal apology from the United States government? I mean, that's a profound act by the government. So you needed political representation in Congress. So in the 1950s, that's when you start to see Japanese Americans elected to Congress, first with Senator Inoue, who was a World War II veteran.

And I think in the 60s and 70s, there were like six Japanese Americans who were elected to Congress. And you need these elected officials in Congress to introduce a bill. This bill was H.R. 442, which was a Civil Liberties Act, which became the formal apology or redress. And then you also needed, you know, this grassroots effort of Sansei who are trying to

And I think in the 60s and 70s, there were like six Japanese Americans who were elected to Congress. And you need these elected officials in Congress to introduce a bill. This bill was H.R. 442, which was a Civil Liberties Act, which became the formal apology or redress. And then you also needed, you know, this grassroots effort of Sansei who are trying to

And I think in the 60s and 70s, there were like six Japanese Americans who were elected to Congress. And you need these elected officials in Congress to introduce a bill. This bill was H.R. 442, which was a Civil Liberties Act, which became the formal apology or redress. And then you also needed, you know, this grassroots effort of Sansei who are trying to

advocate for this so in 1980 that's when president carter creates crick which is the commission on wartime relocation and internment of civilians and this is a commission that's meant to study the consequences the reasons for and the consequences of the mass removal and incarceration and so crick they decide to hold these hearings in 10 cities across the united states in 1981

advocate for this so in 1980 that's when president carter creates crick which is the commission on wartime relocation and internment of civilians and this is a commission that's meant to study the consequences the reasons for and the consequences of the mass removal and incarceration and so crick they decide to hold these hearings in 10 cities across the united states in 1981

advocate for this so in 1980 that's when president carter creates crick which is the commission on wartime relocation and internment of civilians and this is a commission that's meant to study the consequences the reasons for and the consequences of the mass removal and incarceration and so crick they decide to hold these hearings in 10 cities across the united states in 1981

And they want former incarcerees to testify about their experience. And so it's the Sansei who are really pushing Nisei and older Ise to talk about their experiences during World War II. And so many of them are doing it for the first time and they're doing it in public. And so it's very, very powerful and emotional to hear their testimonies.

And they want former incarcerees to testify about their experience. And so it's the Sansei who are really pushing Nisei and older Ise to talk about their experiences during World War II. And so many of them are doing it for the first time and they're doing it in public. And so it's very, very powerful and emotional to hear their testimonies.

And they want former incarcerees to testify about their experience. And so it's the Sansei who are really pushing Nisei and older Ise to talk about their experiences during World War II. And so many of them are doing it for the first time and they're doing it in public. And so it's very, very powerful and emotional to hear their testimonies.

But it's through these testimonies and through the commission's findings that that they kind of determined the causes. And the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Determination of Civilians determined that the mass removal and incarceration happened because of wartime hysteria, racial prejudice, and the failure of political leadership.

But it's through these testimonies and through the commission's findings that that they kind of determined the causes. And the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Determination of Civilians determined that the mass removal and incarceration happened because of wartime hysteria, racial prejudice, and the failure of political leadership.

But it's through these testimonies and through the commission's findings that that they kind of determined the causes. And the Commission on Wartime Relocation and Determination of Civilians determined that the mass removal and incarceration happened because of wartime hysteria, racial prejudice, and the failure of political leadership.

And, you know, you could really argue that those things remain today and this could easily, you know, happen again. But so you have Congress members like Norman Mineta who introduced the bill in the House of Representatives. It passes there. You have senators like Spark Matsunaga and Daniel Inouye who helped push it through the Senate.

And, you know, you could really argue that those things remain today and this could easily, you know, happen again. But so you have Congress members like Norman Mineta who introduced the bill in the House of Representatives. It passes there. You have senators like Spark Matsunaga and Daniel Inouye who helped push it through the Senate.

And, you know, you could really argue that those things remain today and this could easily, you know, happen again. But so you have Congress members like Norman Mineta who introduced the bill in the House of Representatives. It passes there. You have senators like Spark Matsunaga and Daniel Inouye who helped push it through the Senate.

And then you needed a sign off from the president of the United States, who at the time was President Reagan, you know, a very conservative president. So, you know, what makes him sign this bill? We're not sure, but it's possible that he sort of reflected on his World War II experience as a U.S. Army captain. And when he gave a speech about the role of Nisei in fighting, you know, the war.

And then you needed a sign off from the president of the United States, who at the time was President Reagan, you know, a very conservative president. So, you know, what makes him sign this bill? We're not sure, but it's possible that he sort of reflected on his World War II experience as a U.S. Army captain. And when he gave a speech about the role of Nisei in fighting, you know, the war.

And then you needed a sign off from the president of the United States, who at the time was President Reagan, you know, a very conservative president. So, you know, what makes him sign this bill? We're not sure, but it's possible that he sort of reflected on his World War II experience as a U.S. Army captain. And when he gave a speech about the role of Nisei in fighting, you know, the war.