Lindsey Graham

At least 50 Black residents were killed, many of them war veterans. Only months later, the city was still reeling from the violence, and white hostility to Black men in uniform persisted. But despite white resistance, recruiters managed to enlist roughly 800 men into the 9th Cavalry. One of those men was 19-year-old Emanuel Stantz, who became one of the first to enroll in October 1866.

At least 50 Black residents were killed, many of them war veterans. Only months later, the city was still reeling from the violence, and white hostility to Black men in uniform persisted. But despite white resistance, recruiters managed to enlist roughly 800 men into the 9th Cavalry. One of those men was 19-year-old Emanuel Stantz, who became one of the first to enroll in October 1866.

Although he was born into slavery, he could read and write, which made him an attractive recruit, despite his five-foot stature. His literacy also helped him quickly rise through the ranks of non-commissioned officers, and within a few months, he would be appointed sergeant. Army service was an appealing prospect for men like Stantz.

Although he was born into slavery, he could read and write, which made him an attractive recruit, despite his five-foot stature. His literacy also helped him quickly rise through the ranks of non-commissioned officers, and within a few months, he would be appointed sergeant. Army service was an appealing prospect for men like Stantz.

Although he was born into slavery, he could read and write, which made him an attractive recruit, despite his five-foot stature. His literacy also helped him quickly rise through the ranks of non-commissioned officers, and within a few months, he would be appointed sergeant. Army service was an appealing prospect for men like Stantz.

In the aftermath of the war, Black Southerners faced violence, discrimination, and high unemployment. The military offered food, shelter, and steady pay. Thirteen dollars a month was a meager wage, but it was the same offered to white soldiers and more than they could expect to earn as civilians.

In the aftermath of the war, Black Southerners faced violence, discrimination, and high unemployment. The military offered food, shelter, and steady pay. Thirteen dollars a month was a meager wage, but it was the same offered to white soldiers and more than they could expect to earn as civilians.

In the aftermath of the war, Black Southerners faced violence, discrimination, and high unemployment. The military offered food, shelter, and steady pay. Thirteen dollars a month was a meager wage, but it was the same offered to white soldiers and more than they could expect to earn as civilians.

Army service also offered Black men an opportunity to prove their manhood in a society that had largely devalued their worth. But despite the promises of military life, the 9th Cavalry's early experiences were anything but ideal. In Orleans, the new recruits were crammed into a poorly ventilated former cotton packing plant, even as a cholera epidemic raged through the city.

Army service also offered Black men an opportunity to prove their manhood in a society that had largely devalued their worth. But despite the promises of military life, the 9th Cavalry's early experiences were anything but ideal. In Orleans, the new recruits were crammed into a poorly ventilated former cotton packing plant, even as a cholera epidemic raged through the city.

Army service also offered Black men an opportunity to prove their manhood in a society that had largely devalued their worth. But despite the promises of military life, the 9th Cavalry's early experiences were anything but ideal. In Orleans, the new recruits were crammed into a poorly ventilated former cotton packing plant, even as a cholera epidemic raged through the city.

In the first half of the 20th century, one woman changed adoption in America. What was once associated with the shame of unmarried mothers became not only acceptable, but fashionable. But Georgia Tann didn't help families find new homes out of the goodness of her heart. She was stealing babies from happy families and selling them for profit.

In the first half of the 20th century, one woman changed adoption in America. What was once associated with the shame of unmarried mothers became not only acceptable, but fashionable. But Georgia Tann didn't help families find new homes out of the goodness of her heart. She was stealing babies from happy families and selling them for profit.

In the first half of the 20th century, one woman changed adoption in America. What was once associated with the shame of unmarried mothers became not only acceptable, but fashionable. But Georgia Tann didn't help families find new homes out of the goodness of her heart. She was stealing babies from happy families and selling them for profit.

Nearly 40 recruits died that fall, while others simply gave up and fled. Meanwhile in Kansas, Benjamin Grierson faced his own challenges organizing the 10th Cavalry and training his new recruits. Though many enlistees joined the military to escape discrimination and civilian life, they would soon find that prejudice had followed them into the Army ranks.

Nearly 40 recruits died that fall, while others simply gave up and fled. Meanwhile in Kansas, Benjamin Grierson faced his own challenges organizing the 10th Cavalry and training his new recruits. Though many enlistees joined the military to escape discrimination and civilian life, they would soon find that prejudice had followed them into the Army ranks.

Nearly 40 recruits died that fall, while others simply gave up and fled. Meanwhile in Kansas, Benjamin Grierson faced his own challenges organizing the 10th Cavalry and training his new recruits. Though many enlistees joined the military to escape discrimination and civilian life, they would soon find that prejudice had followed them into the Army ranks.

Hi, I'm Lindsey Graham, the host of Wondery Show American Scandal. We bring to life some of the biggest controversies in U.S. history. Presidential lies, environmental disasters, corporate fraud. And in our latest series, a young adoption worker moves to Memphis, Tennessee and becomes one of the most powerful women in the city.

Hi, I'm Lindsey Graham, the host of Wondery Show American Scandal. We bring to life some of the biggest controversies in U.S. history. Presidential lies, environmental disasters, corporate fraud. And in our latest series, a young adoption worker moves to Memphis, Tennessee and becomes one of the most powerful women in the city.

Hi, I'm Lindsey Graham, the host of Wondery Show American Scandal. We bring to life some of the biggest controversies in U.S. history. Presidential lies, environmental disasters, corporate fraud. And in our latest series, a young adoption worker moves to Memphis, Tennessee and becomes one of the most powerful women in the city.