Michael Luo

Yeah. So the other big part of the story that people know about is the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. And that came about a decade later after that initial push. But yes, there was a business class of people who... who welcomed Chinese arrivals because of what they saw that they could do for the state economically. That initial welcome, I think, was relatively short-lived.

Yeah. So the other big part of the story that people know about is the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. And that came about a decade later after that initial push. But yes, there was a business class of people who... who welcomed Chinese arrivals because of what they saw that they could do for the state economically. That initial welcome, I think, was relatively short-lived.

Yeah. So the other big part of the story that people know about is the construction of the Transcontinental Railroad. And that came about a decade later after that initial push. But yes, there was a business class of people who... who welcomed Chinese arrivals because of what they saw that they could do for the state economically. That initial welcome, I think, was relatively short-lived.

And cynical even. Yeah, yeah. And you started to see there are horrific stories in the minefields about – violence against Chinese in the 1850s, 1860s. Things really start to accelerate in the 1870s. And that relates to economics. I mean, there's also all the other factors that relate to bigotry in the United States. It relates to religion. It relates to race.

And cynical even. Yeah, yeah. And you started to see there are horrific stories in the minefields about – violence against Chinese in the 1850s, 1860s. Things really start to accelerate in the 1870s. And that relates to economics. I mean, there's also all the other factors that relate to bigotry in the United States. It relates to religion. It relates to race.

And cynical even. Yeah, yeah. And you started to see there are horrific stories in the minefields about – violence against Chinese in the 1850s, 1860s. Things really start to accelerate in the 1870s. And that relates to economics. I mean, there's also all the other factors that relate to bigotry in the United States. It relates to religion. It relates to race.

Yeah. There's a figure named Dennis Carney who is a demagogue-like figure who started to do these speeches, these rallies in San Francisco. This is mid-1870s. Mm-hmm. This is a time when San Francisco was basically a cauldron of unemployed white working men, as they were called. And he would draw thousands and he would end his speeches with this rallying cry, the Chinese must go.

Yeah. There's a figure named Dennis Carney who is a demagogue-like figure who started to do these speeches, these rallies in San Francisco. This is mid-1870s. Mm-hmm. This is a time when San Francisco was basically a cauldron of unemployed white working men, as they were called. And he would draw thousands and he would end his speeches with this rallying cry, the Chinese must go.

Yeah. There's a figure named Dennis Carney who is a demagogue-like figure who started to do these speeches, these rallies in San Francisco. This is mid-1870s. Mm-hmm. This is a time when San Francisco was basically a cauldron of unemployed white working men, as they were called. And he would draw thousands and he would end his speeches with this rallying cry, the Chinese must go.

And he started a party called the Working Men's Party that... had basically two principles. It was against kind of corporate power and the robber barons of that era, and it was a very anti-Chinese in its orientation. That was really at the heart of what the Workingmen's Party was.

And he started a party called the Working Men's Party that... had basically two principles. It was against kind of corporate power and the robber barons of that era, and it was a very anti-Chinese in its orientation. That was really at the heart of what the Workingmen's Party was.

And he started a party called the Working Men's Party that... had basically two principles. It was against kind of corporate power and the robber barons of that era, and it was a very anti-Chinese in its orientation. That was really at the heart of what the Workingmen's Party was.

Yes. I mean, it was in the late 1860s. There was a treaty that was passed in 1868 called the Burlingame Treaty that kind of opened up immigration between the two countries. It was around this time that Frederick Douglass was... barnstorming around northern cities doing paid lectures. And it was in 1867 that he first tested out a speech in Boston on America's composite nationality.

Yes. I mean, it was in the late 1860s. There was a treaty that was passed in 1868 called the Burlingame Treaty that kind of opened up immigration between the two countries. It was around this time that Frederick Douglass was... barnstorming around northern cities doing paid lectures. And it was in 1867 that he first tested out a speech in Boston on America's composite nationality.

Yes. I mean, it was in the late 1860s. There was a treaty that was passed in 1868 called the Burlingame Treaty that kind of opened up immigration between the two countries. It was around this time that Frederick Douglass was... barnstorming around northern cities doing paid lectures. And it was in 1867 that he first tested out a speech in Boston on America's composite nationality.

Douglass called on America to live up to its mission of serving as a, as he called it, a perfect national illustration of the unity and dignity of the human family. And he was saying that America was unique. He said, all the way from black to white with intermediate shades, which in the apocalyptic vision, no man can number. And he was saying that we had a chance to be a

Douglass called on America to live up to its mission of serving as a, as he called it, a perfect national illustration of the unity and dignity of the human family. And he was saying that America was unique. He said, all the way from black to white with intermediate shades, which in the apocalyptic vision, no man can number. And he was saying that we had a chance to be a

Douglass called on America to live up to its mission of serving as a, as he called it, a perfect national illustration of the unity and dignity of the human family. And he was saying that America was unique. He said, all the way from black to white with intermediate shades, which in the apocalyptic vision, no man can number. And he was saying that we had a chance to be a

you know, a model for the world. And then he talked about the Chinese. And he explicitly talked about this, quote, new race that is making its appearance within our borders and claiming attention. And he predicted that at some point in the future, the Chinese population would number in the millions. And he predicted just urged Americans, his fellow Americans, to embrace these new arrivals.

you know, a model for the world. And then he talked about the Chinese. And he explicitly talked about this, quote, new race that is making its appearance within our borders and claiming attention. And he predicted that at some point in the future, the Chinese population would number in the millions. And he predicted just urged Americans, his fellow Americans, to embrace these new arrivals.