Stephen Kotkin

or the men at the Constitutional Convention in the U.S., or the people who are the... You're beyond that in the mass age, and you have to be able to incorporate the masses somehow in a polity, and it's really hard to do.

And so this dynamic of failure to master or mastery over it, it tells you a lot about the direction you're going to go.

Yeah.

Terrific.

Questions again.

So you have a multi-prog dancer.

Let's do it this way.

On the one hand, you have a much bigger repressive apparatus.

Much, much bigger repressive apparatus.

So the czarist regime has a very small secret police.

Really small.

The secret police for the czarist regime is mostly following the handful of

of intellectuals.

You have a few thousand university students in Tsarist Russia in the mid-19th century, 5,000 or so when this term intelligentsia gets invented, and you're going to have a few thousand more over time, but you're in the thousands, not the millions of

The sense of repression is more about following what they do rather than arresting them on a pretext and putting a bullet in the back of their neck.

So you have this Tsarist secret police, the Okhranka.

That's the pejorative nickname for them, the Okhranka.

They're tasked with following these revolutionaries and infiltrating their groups and maybe sabotaging them from within.

Something similar happens in the labor movement where you have this Zubat of Shina, is the Russian term, where you plant the leader of the revolution

workers' movement in order to make sure that it's controlled by the secret police rather than has a spontaneous or autonomous version that could get out of hand.