Sue Lee

So it's through the shipping back of those bones that we have the estimates of 1,000 to 1,200 workers having been killed over the construction of the railroad. Because there really aren't any records.

So after the railroad, some workers continued with railroad work because now the Chinese had this reputation of being good railroad workers. So they went to work on all the feeder lines throughout the country. And then others went back to existing Chinese communities or to new communities where they became brokers and did import-export. They went into fishing.

So after the railroad, some workers continued with railroad work because now the Chinese had this reputation of being good railroad workers. So they went to work on all the feeder lines throughout the country. And then others went back to existing Chinese communities or to new communities where they became brokers and did import-export. They went into fishing.

So after the railroad, some workers continued with railroad work because now the Chinese had this reputation of being good railroad workers. So they went to work on all the feeder lines throughout the country. And then others went back to existing Chinese communities or to new communities where they became brokers and did import-export. They went into fishing.

They established canneries or established small farming communities. They became kind of the workforce building the American West. But they also became a threat to organized labor in the West and became an easy target. One of the things that the Manchu dynasty required was that a Chinese man had to wear a q, a braid.

They established canneries or established small farming communities. They became kind of the workforce building the American West. But they also became a threat to organized labor in the West and became an easy target. One of the things that the Manchu dynasty required was that a Chinese man had to wear a q, a braid.

They established canneries or established small farming communities. They became kind of the workforce building the American West. But they also became a threat to organized labor in the West and became an easy target. One of the things that the Manchu dynasty required was that a Chinese man had to wear a q, a braid.

And so if a Chinese man here wanted to return to China at any point to visit family, to marry or whatever, he would have to keep his cue. So that made him easily identified and different. So that contributed to the scapegoating and the violence against Chinese communities. So you have cities, towns, big and small, San Francisco, L.A., Sacramento, Tacoma, Seattle, Portland.

And so if a Chinese man here wanted to return to China at any point to visit family, to marry or whatever, he would have to keep his cue. So that made him easily identified and different. So that contributed to the scapegoating and the violence against Chinese communities. So you have cities, towns, big and small, San Francisco, L.A., Sacramento, Tacoma, Seattle, Portland.

And so if a Chinese man here wanted to return to China at any point to visit family, to marry or whatever, he would have to keep his cue. So that made him easily identified and different. So that contributed to the scapegoating and the violence against Chinese communities. So you have cities, towns, big and small, San Francisco, L.A., Sacramento, Tacoma, Seattle, Portland.

You know, I can sit here and name every town in California and give you an example of anti-Chinese violence at that time. Laws were passed against Chinese. They didn't allow Chinese to go into certain occupations. There was like actions against laundries. There was vigilante violence against Chinese.

You know, I can sit here and name every town in California and give you an example of anti-Chinese violence at that time. Laws were passed against Chinese. They didn't allow Chinese to go into certain occupations. There was like actions against laundries. There was vigilante violence against Chinese.

You know, I can sit here and name every town in California and give you an example of anti-Chinese violence at that time. Laws were passed against Chinese. They didn't allow Chinese to go into certain occupations. There was like actions against laundries. There was vigilante violence against Chinese.

The city of Tacoma enacted a law that said all Chinese must be out of town on such and such a date. So all that activity percolated through the 1870s. So by 1882, there was enough sentiment against Chinese for Congress to enact the Chinese Exclusion Act, which specifically banned the immigration of Chinese laborers. But there were exceptions.

The city of Tacoma enacted a law that said all Chinese must be out of town on such and such a date. So all that activity percolated through the 1870s. So by 1882, there was enough sentiment against Chinese for Congress to enact the Chinese Exclusion Act, which specifically banned the immigration of Chinese laborers. But there were exceptions.

The city of Tacoma enacted a law that said all Chinese must be out of town on such and such a date. So all that activity percolated through the 1870s. So by 1882, there was enough sentiment against Chinese for Congress to enact the Chinese Exclusion Act, which specifically banned the immigration of Chinese laborers. But there were exceptions.

So if you were a Chinese merchant, you could come into the country. The Exclusion Act lasted from 1882 to 1943. And the only reason it was repealed was that in 1943, the U.S. and China were allies in World War II. So it didn't seem right to forbid the citizens of your ally from coming into the country.

So if you were a Chinese merchant, you could come into the country. The Exclusion Act lasted from 1882 to 1943. And the only reason it was repealed was that in 1943, the U.S. and China were allies in World War II. So it didn't seem right to forbid the citizens of your ally from coming into the country.

So if you were a Chinese merchant, you could come into the country. The Exclusion Act lasted from 1882 to 1943. And the only reason it was repealed was that in 1943, the U.S. and China were allies in World War II. So it didn't seem right to forbid the citizens of your ally from coming into the country.

Corky was inspired by that story of Phil Choi being snubbed in 1969. I knew Corky, and he decided to go to Promontory in 2014 and recreate that historic photograph. but to fill it with Chinese people. So his efforts in educating the more recent immigrants in Utah about what happened at Promontory really was a catalyst to build up to the 2019 celebration to commemorate the Promontory Summit event.