Macrocytic Anemia in the ED: My Liver Bleeds a Lot (part 3)

Step into the macrocytic anemia caboose and remember the non-megaloblastic causes with the mnemonic My Liver Bleeds a Lot: • My → Multiple Myeloma (CRAB: Hypercalcemia, Renal failure, Anemia, Bone lesions) • Liver → Liver disease • Bleeds → Hemolysis • A → Alcohol use • Lot → HypothyroidismWe start at the front half of the caboose with the non-megaloblastic nun holding a sign with crossed-out “mega” dynamite, marking the absence of hypersegmented neutrophils. The kingpin character raises an alcohol bottle (liver logo) in a toast—reminding us of alcohol as a cause—bumping it into his tuxedo labeled “TSH > 10” for hypothyroidism. Above him, three red balloons drip a drop of blood onto the liver logo, tying in the phrase “My liver bleeds a lot.”In the back half of the caboose, the B12 sumo baby wears a bandanna labeled “MMA” for methylmalonic acid (elevated in B12 deficiency), reaching up toward a Sistine Chapel ceiling to touch a finger labeled “↑ homocysteine” (seen in both folate and B12 deficiency). These back-half characters remind us that megaloblastic macrocytosis does have hypersegmented neutrophils, and is tied to DNA synthesis problems.For alcohol-related macrocytosis, we recall Wernicke’s encephalopathy—classic triad: 1. Ophthalmoplegia (eye movement abnormalities) 2. Ataxia (gait disturbance) 3. Confusion (altered mental status)ED Application: • In AMS + alcohol use, always give thiamine before glucose to prevent progression to Korsakoff syndrome (confabulation, severe memory deficits). • Macrocytosis without anemia can be an early alcohol toxicity sign—screen for liver disease, nutritional deficiencies, hypothyroidism, and myeloma. • Suspect multiple myeloma? Check calcium, renal function, Hgb, and order imaging for bone lesions. • Non-megaloblastic macrocytosis = treat underlying cause (alcohol cessation, thyroid replacement, liver management, transfusion for hemolysis). • Megaloblastic macrocytosis = give B12/folate; avoid masking B12 deficiency with folate alone to prevent neurologic damage.

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