Chapter 1: What is the main topic of this episode?
Okay. Alright.
Okay. Alright. You're listening to Radiolab.
Radiolab.
From WNYC. See? Yep.
So, let me just... We are recording. Good.
This is Radiolab. I'm Lula Miller. And today, producer Simon Adler brings us a story from... My mother's living room.
Okay. Watching the television with her.
This is what we love in our reporting. They scour the earth far and wide.
Oh, yeah. Going to unknown, exciting places like the shag-carpeted living room of my mother. Uh... No, and so we're sitting there, and, you know, my mother's hearing. It's not what it once was. And so, like most nights, she was watching with the closed captioning on. Oh, absolutely same. All right, right on.
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Chapter 2: What sparked the Deaf President Now movement?
We picked... Dr. Elizabeth Ann Zinsser as the seventh president of Gallaudet. No! Because she is a very talented educator.
Oh, no. Oh, no. Yeah. They went with the hearing lady.
Elizabeth Ann Zinsser, she is the new president of Gallaudet University. Dr. Elizabeth Zinsser. Who is neither deaf nor able to speak sign language. Why? Did they say why?
Well, at least one of the explanations was pretty darn ugly.
The university trustee's chairman defended the selection saying, deaf people are not ready to function in the hearing world.
And the students, well, they go berserk.
We were all upset.
Very upset.
We've just felt like somebody just slapped us in the face.
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Chapter 3: How did the protests at Gallaudet University unfold?
Okay, so this debate was captioned.
Do you think that was like a special move or was... Yeah, so this broadcast was actually open captioned, meaning that everybody who tuned in saw the captioning on the bottom of the screen.
Okay.
However... Like that was not the case for the vast majority of the coverage of the Deaf President Now protests. And in fact, even the broadcasts that were closed captioned, like to receive those closed captions, to get them to show up on your screen, you needed to have one of these very expensive, clunky decoders.
Oh, like in your house.
in your house connected to your television. Think of it like a VCR, but it's a VCR that just allows your television to receive the closed captions.
So very few people of just like the general American public would be seeing these captions.
Oh yeah, like nobody.
Yeah. Which like, it's so frustrating to think that was like the day-to-day norm for deaf folks at that time. But I mean, there's just something like particularly... frustrating to imagine like the folks who can't access a broadcast that is literally concerning their rights and their access, you know?
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Chapter 4: What were the outcomes of the Deaf President Now protests?
Because Inlee was really, well, only just the beginning. I mean, once she figured out this hack, she began developing and deploying hundreds and hundreds of code words to work around the software shortcomings.
Commaphones could be very difficult for the software. Two, two, and two, for example.
The fix?
Tuku for T-W-O, toodaloo for T-O-O. So if a sentence is, she has two daughters in college, too, I would echo that as, she has tuku daughters in Lake College, comma, toodaloo, period.
So that is... Wait, say that once more. Say that one, say it again.
she has tuku daughter zinli college, tutulu. I mean, it's a whole language that you then have to remember and follow.
As Stephanie's brain melded further and further with her machine, she figured out she could trick it in other ways to make her life easier.
So, for example, Back when George W. Bush was still in office, that's how he was referred to on the air. George W. period Bush.
Eight syllables, way too many to spit out over and over again.
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