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The Rest Is History

518. Nelson: The Battle of the Nile (Part 5)

02 Dec 2024

Transcription

Chapter 1: What historical significance does the Battle of the Nile hold?

668.563 - 668.823 Dominic Sandbrook

Yeah.

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668.983 - 672.584 Tom Holland

Shall I describe the French line and all that and where it is?

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672.604 - 673.925 Dominic Sandbrook

I think everybody would love that.

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674.125 - 689.853 Tom Holland

I think everybody would love that. So you talked about Brias, who's in command, and he is of aristocratic background, but he's an enthusiast for the revolution. And even though, obviously, he's come under suspicion, he's too good for them to let go. And so he's in command.

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689.953 - 708.426 Tom Holland

And there is another man of noble descent who, like Brias, was a sympathizer with the revolution and had renounced his kind of nobility. So he had been Pierre Charles de de Villeneuve and is now just Pierre Charles Villeneuve. And he is a man who will be featuring throughout the story of Nelson.

708.446 - 727.721 Tom Holland

But at this point, he is in command of the rearguard on board a ship called the Guillaume Tell, so William Tell. Brieus is in the middle. And then you have what is called the larboard, which is apparently the left line. So just to set the scene, Aberkeir Bay, there is a castle and a kind of promontory, Aberkeir Castle.

728.702 - 758.305 Tom Holland

Then the bay kind of curls around and heads eastwards and towards Rosetta, which is the place where the famous Rosetta Stone in due course will be found. If you drew a straight line from Aberkeir Bay to Rosetta, you'd be going from north-northwest to south-southeast. This is the line that the French fleet is occupying. The 13 ships of the line, the four frigates are stationed behind them.

758.365 - 780.796 Tom Holland

You have nearest Abercair Castle, that's the larboard side. It is protected all around, it seems, by shoals. You have shoals to the south of the castle, and you have shoals spreading eastwards. There's an island called Bequiae, which in turn is surrounded by further shoals. So the British fleet, to reach the French line, they have to negotiate these shoals.

781.557 - 791.967 Tom Holland

And Briès is assuming that the larboard side, so the side that is furthest towards Abakir Castle, that it can't be outflanked. Right. Because it seems to be protected by the shoals. And that is his assumption.

Chapter 2: What was Horatio Nelson's mindset before the battle?

1096.173 - 1105.035 Tom Holland

Well, you know, literally in the waters underneath the battle, there are statues and columns from Ptolemaic temples and buildings. I mean, just kind of littering the bay.

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1105.195 - 1114.521 Dominic Sandbrook

And of course, both Nelson and Napoleon see themselves as actors in a drama to rival the greatest stories of the classical world, don't they? So it's the most appropriate setting.

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1114.641 - 1123.629 Tom Holland

It's unbelievable. And this is going to be the greatest naval battle of the 18th century in terms of scale and in terms of the drama of the tactics.

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1123.709 - 1135.617 Dominic Sandbrook

Absolutely it is. So 5.30, Nelson sends another signal. Form the line as most convenient into the line of battle. The first ship to go around the sandbanks is Thomas Foley's ship, Goliath.

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1135.957 - 1145.79 Tom Holland

And so when you say the sandbanks, these are the sandbanks and the shoals that are extended out from the island of Bequia, that has to be negotiated so that they round that and then they can sail directly towards the French line. Exactly.

1146.271 - 1163.49 Dominic Sandbrook

So Foley's leading the way with Samuel Hood, no relation. Well, he is a relation, but he's not the same as the Samuel Hood from a couple of episodes ago in The Zealous Close Behind. Now, Foley has a map of the shoals published in 1764, a map published in Paris by a Frenchman, The Irony.

1164.781 - 1178.384 Dominic Sandbrook

And as he goes round the sandbanks into the water, he realises this thing about Prueys' line, that the French have left a gap between themselves and the shore.

1178.884 - 1190.346 Tom Holland

So the larboard side. The larboard side, exactly. So this line that Prueys had thought was impregnable couldn't be outflanked, can be outflanked, but only if you have an absolute mastery of seamanship.

1190.566 - 1207.243 Dominic Sandbrook

So what you'll need to do is glide between the French and the shore. That would allow you to open fire from the shore side onto the French where the French crews have not bothered to prepare their guns because it hasn't crossed their minds that the British could outflank them and therefore kind of

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