这篇文章探讨了人类神经系统与免疫系统之间的整合反应，尤其是在面对潜在感染威胁时。研究人员利用虚拟现实（VR）技术，让参与者接触带有感染迹象的虚拟形象，并监测了他们的行为、神经生理学（EEG和fMRI）以及免疫反应。结果显示，当这些“感染性虚拟形象”进入参与者的近体空间（peripersonal space, PPS）时，大脑中与PPS和显著性网络（salience network）相关的区域会产生预期性的激活。更重要的是，这种虚拟威胁的神经预期引发了先天淋巴细胞（ILCs）的频率和激活变化，这些变化与实际感染（如流感疫苗接种）引起的免疫反应相似。通过动态因果模型（DCM）和神经网络分析，研究进一步揭示了这种神经-免疫的串扰涉及下丘脑-垂体-肾上腺（HPA）轴以及其他神经介质的复杂调节。References: Trabanelli S, Akselrod M, Fellrath J, et al. Neural anticipation of virtual infection triggers an immune response[J]. Nature neuroscience, 2025: 1-10.
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