Adrian Goldsworthy

And you get some sense, prejudice sense, but nevertheless, of what just Julian was like. what Valens, Valentini, what these people were like, how they acted, how they behaved. It's much, much harder to say with those later. And we're dealing with very prejudiced sources of people who liked them or didn't like them. And of course, these disasters.

And you get some sense, prejudice sense, but nevertheless, of what just Julian was like. what Valens, Valentini, what these people were like, how they acted, how they behaved. It's much, much harder to say with those later. And we're dealing with very prejudiced sources of people who liked them or didn't like them. And of course, these disasters.

The sack of Rome in 410, on the one hand, you can put it down as something minor. It's just a group of your own army that is in a bad mood. Yes, there are a load of goths, primarily, or at least they're identified as goths. What they actually were and how many other people have accumulated along the way and joined this group is anybody's guess.

The sack of Rome in 410, on the one hand, you can put it down as something minor. It's just a group of your own army that is in a bad mood. Yes, there are a load of goths, primarily, or at least they're identified as goths. What they actually were and how many other people have accumulated along the way and joined this group is anybody's guess.

The sack of Rome in 410, on the one hand, you can put it down as something minor. It's just a group of your own army that is in a bad mood. Yes, there are a load of goths, primarily, or at least they're identified as goths. What they actually were and how many other people have accumulated along the way and joined this group is anybody's guess.

But their basic identity, their leader, is based around

But their basic identity, their leader, is based around

But their basic identity, their leader, is based around

a version of traditional tribal gothic structure i mean it's changed because it's in a different environment but there's at least some sense of that identity so you're dealing with that sort of danger now you know it's easy to play this down and say oh well you know not much of rome was actually affected rome's a big big city there's still half a million people here at least maybe more

a version of traditional tribal gothic structure i mean it's changed because it's in a different environment but there's at least some sense of that identity so you're dealing with that sort of danger now you know it's easy to play this down and say oh well you know not much of rome was actually affected rome's a big big city there's still half a million people here at least maybe more

a version of traditional tribal gothic structure i mean it's changed because it's in a different environment but there's at least some sense of that identity so you're dealing with that sort of danger now you know it's easy to play this down and say oh well you know not much of rome was actually affected rome's a big big city there's still half a million people here at least maybe more

plundering for a day or two. There's not a lot that you can actually do. It focuses on particular areas. The city's still there. Life resumes fairly quickly. That's true up to a point, but the big thing is the shock that this could happen. It's happened in the past when a Roman army in what is clearly a Roman civil war has turned up.

plundering for a day or two. There's not a lot that you can actually do. It focuses on particular areas. The city's still there. Life resumes fairly quickly. That's true up to a point, but the big thing is the shock that this could happen. It's happened in the past when a Roman army in what is clearly a Roman civil war has turned up.

plundering for a day or two. There's not a lot that you can actually do. It focuses on particular areas. The city's still there. Life resumes fairly quickly. That's true up to a point, but the big thing is the shock that this could happen. It's happened in the past when a Roman army in what is clearly a Roman civil war has turned up.

And they've done things way back in 68, 69, the year of four emperors after Nero's death. And that's very alien. That's rather traumatic. But this is someone who does seem foreign, does seem utterly alien. And the emperor cannot stop them and cannot do anything about them. And yet knows the leader in question. He's supposed to be one of his own men and yet cannot control him.

And they've done things way back in 68, 69, the year of four emperors after Nero's death. And that's very alien. That's rather traumatic. But this is someone who does seem foreign, does seem utterly alien. And the emperor cannot stop them and cannot do anything about them. And yet knows the leader in question. He's supposed to be one of his own men and yet cannot control him.

And they've done things way back in 68, 69, the year of four emperors after Nero's death. And that's very alien. That's rather traumatic. But this is someone who does seem foreign, does seem utterly alien. And the emperor cannot stop them and cannot do anything about them. And yet knows the leader in question. He's supposed to be one of his own men and yet cannot control him.

So you're very much with Honorius. You've got one of these people who has the prominence, has the power, has the titles, but actually can't do very much and can't control in a way. So it's probably worth thinking of him more in those terms than trying to pin him down and blame him. There are certainly very bad decisions made at this, as is so often the case throughout human history.

So you're very much with Honorius. You've got one of these people who has the prominence, has the power, has the titles, but actually can't do very much and can't control in a way. So it's probably worth thinking of him more in those terms than trying to pin him down and blame him. There are certainly very bad decisions made at this, as is so often the case throughout human history.

So you're very much with Honorius. You've got one of these people who has the prominence, has the power, has the titles, but actually can't do very much and can't control in a way. So it's probably worth thinking of him more in those terms than trying to pin him down and blame him. There are certainly very bad decisions made at this, as is so often the case throughout human history.