Alan Bernstein

So they're kind of circling the wagons and harvesting, you know, harboring their funds in case the Trump administration goes after them. So I think it's hard to overstate how serious this is. And I think the thing we should all keep in mind is by going after the institutions of science, so I would say there's several categories, the funders of science.

So the NIH, the National Institutes of Health, is the world's largest funder of biomedical research. By cutting its budget, by severely cutting its staff funding, It's crippling the world's major funder of biomedical research. Never mind America's major funder of biomedical research.

So the NIH, the National Institutes of Health, is the world's largest funder of biomedical research. By cutting its budget, by severely cutting its staff funding, It's crippling the world's major funder of biomedical research. Never mind America's major funder of biomedical research.

So the NIH, the National Institutes of Health, is the world's largest funder of biomedical research. By cutting its budget, by severely cutting its staff funding, It's crippling the world's major funder of biomedical research. Never mind America's major funder of biomedical research.

By going after the top research universities in the United States, the Columbias, the Johns Hopkins, the Harvards, the Yales, it's also crippling the major institutions that are supporting researchers in the U.S. That's, first of all, unprecedented, of course, but it's also crippling for the institutions that support science in the U.S., not just the individuals.

By going after the top research universities in the United States, the Columbias, the Johns Hopkins, the Harvards, the Yales, it's also crippling the major institutions that are supporting researchers in the U.S. That's, first of all, unprecedented, of course, but it's also crippling for the institutions that support science in the U.S., not just the individuals.

By going after the top research universities in the United States, the Columbias, the Johns Hopkins, the Harvards, the Yales, it's also crippling the major institutions that are supporting researchers in the U.S. That's, first of all, unprecedented, of course, but it's also crippling for the institutions that support science in the U.S., not just the individuals.

So it's hard to overstate how serious this is.

So it's hard to overstate how serious this is.

So it's hard to overstate how serious this is.

You do, actually. That's sort of the etymology of American funding institutions. And there are some that cover at least two. So the NIH, for example— has a very large so-called intramural program that funds research within government in Bethesda, Maryland. And then there's also institutions that actually fund, the NIH also funds science at American universities. So it does both.

You do, actually. That's sort of the etymology of American funding institutions. And there are some that cover at least two. So the NIH, for example— has a very large so-called intramural program that funds research within government in Bethesda, Maryland. And then there's also institutions that actually fund, the NIH also funds science at American universities. So it does both.

You do, actually. That's sort of the etymology of American funding institutions. And there are some that cover at least two. So the NIH, for example— has a very large so-called intramural program that funds research within government in Bethesda, Maryland. And then there's also institutions that actually fund, the NIH also funds science at American universities. So it does both.

You also left off in that list a very important one, the Department of Energy. It funds about a billion dollars worth of research, both in-house and at American universities. And as you might imagine, the Department of Energy traditionally has been one of the leading research institutions for funding research on climate change.

You also left off in that list a very important one, the Department of Energy. It funds about a billion dollars worth of research, both in-house and at American universities. And as you might imagine, the Department of Energy traditionally has been one of the leading research institutions for funding research on climate change.

You also left off in that list a very important one, the Department of Energy. It funds about a billion dollars worth of research, both in-house and at American universities. And as you might imagine, the Department of Energy traditionally has been one of the leading research institutions for funding research on climate change.

Well, again, historically, America has been a magnet for scientific talent for almost the entire 20th century. It started with a flood during World War II when many emigres from Germany, Austria, France came to the US. And they set an important precedent The success in building the atomic bomb under Oppenheimer was in large part due to those emigres.

Well, again, historically, America has been a magnet for scientific talent for almost the entire 20th century. It started with a flood during World War II when many emigres from Germany, Austria, France came to the US. And they set an important precedent The success in building the atomic bomb under Oppenheimer was in large part due to those emigres.

Well, again, historically, America has been a magnet for scientific talent for almost the entire 20th century. It started with a flood during World War II when many emigres from Germany, Austria, France came to the US. And they set an important precedent The success in building the atomic bomb under Oppenheimer was in large part due to those emigres.

You know, the one person that jumps out to me is Enrique Fermi, who went to Fermi Labs in the University of Chicago. He was an emigre from Italy. And there's many, many others. That tradition has continued. And young people from around the world want to come to America to do science for lots of obvious reasons, I think. One is the institutions are so strong. They have the resources.