Ann Durkin Keating

That pan-Indian movement has disintegrated.

And instead, what you've got is the U.S.

government demanding more and more sessions.

And so if I can jump back just one more treaty...

In 1816, there's a treaty of St.

Louis, which may not seem to have anything to do with Chicago.

But in 1816, that treaty seeds land that's going to become the Illinois and Michigan Canal.

It seeds a corridor of land between the Illinois River and Lake Michigan that's going to make that connection between the Great Lakes and the Mississippi River.

And so there in 1816 is the idea that now we're going to have a canal, that a canal is going to be coming.

So I would, to your point, this really is the moment when we see that Chicago is, it's going to be the endpoint for that canal.

And that is really a defining moment for Chicago.

And it's also, to your point, it's a land session.

I'm with you.

It's a word that every time I'm in a classroom, it's like it's C-E-S-S-I-O-N.

It's not like a jam session.

It's a different kind of a solution.

And that land session then starting in 1816 will be continued with another series of things.

The first treaty then in 1821 in Chicago has less to do with land at Chicago than it does with land further to the east.

But what it's doing is it's filling in

the land to the east that had not yet been ceded by the Potawatomi and their allies, the Miami and their allies.