Ann Jones

But they lace their nectar with nicotine.

And it turns out that hummingbirds really dislike nicotine.

nicotine they can learn to tolerate it but they don't like the taste so they'll have a little sip and then they're kind of out of there they're going to try something else whereas if that nectar wasn't laced with nicotine they'd sit there and they drink up the whole flower and then move on to the next whole flower and they drink up all the nectar once again whereas if you can persuade your pollinator not only to visit your flowers but to rack off quickly then you're more likely to be exporting pollen

You don't actually require much mixing.

I think that's the thing that

is counterintuitive about it that you can have quite narrow and insular populations that just require like an influx of a new individual or an out cross mating event once every 20, 30 generations or something.

That's the level of gene flow that's sufficient to make a huge difference between something going down the path to extinction and propagation and adaptation into the future.

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Hello, it's Anne here from What The Duck at ABC Radio National.