Arvind Narayanan

We're starting to see a lot of that happen now with AI agents. And if that's the case, great ideas could come from anywhere, right? It could come from a two-person startup. It could come from an academic lab. And my hope is that we will transition to that kind of mode of progress in AI development relatively soon.

I think that's a very serious possibility. And I think this is actually one area where regulators should be paying attention. You know, what does this mean for market concentration, antitrust, and so forth. And I've been gratified that these are topics that, at least in my experience, US regulators are considering.

I think that's a very serious possibility. And I think this is actually one area where regulators should be paying attention. You know, what does this mean for market concentration, antitrust, and so forth. And I've been gratified that these are topics that, at least in my experience, US regulators are considering.

I think that's a very serious possibility. And I think this is actually one area where regulators should be paying attention. You know, what does this mean for market concentration, antitrust, and so forth. And I've been gratified that these are topics that, at least in my experience, US regulators are considering.

And I believe in the UK, the CMA, the Competition and Markets Authority as well, and certainly in the EU. So yeah, in many jurisdictions, now that I think about it, this is something that regulators have been worried about.

And I believe in the UK, the CMA, the Competition and Markets Authority as well, and certainly in the EU. So yeah, in many jurisdictions, now that I think about it, this is something that regulators have been worried about.

And I believe in the UK, the CMA, the Competition and Markets Authority as well, and certainly in the EU. So yeah, in many jurisdictions, now that I think about it, this is something that regulators have been worried about.

So in a sense, AI regulation is a misnomer. Let me give you an example from just this morning. The FTC has been worried about the Federal Trade Commission in the US, which is an antitrust and consumer protection authority, has been worried about people writing fake reviews for their products. And this has, of course, been a problem for many years. It's become a lot easier to do that with AI.

So in a sense, AI regulation is a misnomer. Let me give you an example from just this morning. The FTC has been worried about the Federal Trade Commission in the US, which is an antitrust and consumer protection authority, has been worried about people writing fake reviews for their products. And this has, of course, been a problem for many years. It's become a lot easier to do that with AI.

So in a sense, AI regulation is a misnomer. Let me give you an example from just this morning. The FTC has been worried about the Federal Trade Commission in the US, which is an antitrust and consumer protection authority, has been worried about people writing fake reviews for their products. And this has, of course, been a problem for many years. It's become a lot easier to do that with AI.

So now someone who thinks about this in terms of AI regulation might say, oh, you know, regulators have to ensure that AI companies don't allow their products to be used for generating fake reviews. And I think this is a losing proposition. Like how would an AI model know whether something is a fake review or a real review, right? It just depends on who's writing the review.

So now someone who thinks about this in terms of AI regulation might say, oh, you know, regulators have to ensure that AI companies don't allow their products to be used for generating fake reviews. And I think this is a losing proposition. Like how would an AI model know whether something is a fake review or a real review, right? It just depends on who's writing the review.

So now someone who thinks about this in terms of AI regulation might say, oh, you know, regulators have to ensure that AI companies don't allow their products to be used for generating fake reviews. And I think this is a losing proposition. Like how would an AI model know whether something is a fake review or a real review, right? It just depends on who's writing the review.

But instead, that's not the approach that the FTC took. They recognized correctly that it's a problem whether AI is generating the fake review or people are. So what they actually banned is fake reviews. And so what is often thought of as AI regulation is better understood as regulating certain harmful activities, whether or not AI is used as a tool for doing those harmful activities.

But instead, that's not the approach that the FTC took. They recognized correctly that it's a problem whether AI is generating the fake review or people are. So what they actually banned is fake reviews. And so what is often thought of as AI regulation is better understood as regulating certain harmful activities, whether or not AI is used as a tool for doing those harmful activities.

But instead, that's not the approach that the FTC took. They recognized correctly that it's a problem whether AI is generating the fake review or people are. So what they actually banned is fake reviews. And so what is often thought of as AI regulation is better understood as regulating certain harmful activities, whether or not AI is used as a tool for doing those harmful activities.

80% of what gets called AI regulation is better seen this way.

80% of what gets called AI regulation is better seen this way.

80% of what gets called AI regulation is better seen this way.

I broadly agree with that. I will add a couple of additions to that. One is there are many kinds of harms, which we already know about and are quite serious.