Arvind Narayanan

These are problems that we knew were happening, the nudes one at least, at this point for something like six years, and it took forever for policymakers to start acting on these things.

And so the pace at which policymakers are responding is definitely inadequate.

But I think at the same time, the arms race narrative is a little bit oversold.

I think what we're seeing in a lot of cases is that when regulators and policymakers in one company are falling behind, the harms for the most part are felt locally.

So, for instance, in the US, people are realizing that with respect to the safety harms around the psychological impacts of large language models, it's affecting Americans.

And now policymakers, both at the federal and the state level, are actually taking this very, very seriously.

And I think

we're going to start to see a mindset shift, and we're going to start to see policymakers stop buying this arms race narrative, and they're going to recognize that a lot of these harms are actually going to be felt within their own countries.

And the way to regulate is not just

at the level of the model developers, but how they're deployed and not just on the companies such as OpenAI and Google, but also everybody else who is using these models within their own companies and try to get ahead of risks like people trying to hand off the running of their companies to large language models, for instance.

That's exactly my prediction.

Yes, as these models get more diffused into society, we are going to see an increase in the salience of that set of concerns.

And I think the good news is that a lot of the interventions, not all of them, but a lot of the interventions for both sets of concerns are similar.

And so I think the momentum around one kind of safety issues can also be used to address the other kind of safety issue.

Yeah, I agree.

I think Europe's approach is one that is democratic.

It's not necessarily the only right approach.

I understand why the US has chosen a different approach, but I think the hostility of American companies and the government to Europe's approach has been really problematic, and it's not one that I support.

There's plenty more of that agreeable disagreement.

These ideas about AI developing an agency of its own and deciding to do stuff, these are pure sci-fi scenarios. Based on the way that AI is currently built today, those speculative scenarios really have no basis in reality.