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Enzymes are doing their thing.

They know how to chew energy using ATP or GTP.

They know what to do in their own way.

They do their enzymatic thing.

So it's not just the ribosome that is at the heart of the transition, but there are a lot of different proteins.

You're looking at about 100 different components that compose this machinery.

You cannot have life without chemistry.

You cannot have any cellular process without chemistry.

What makes life interesting is that even if the chemistry is imperfect, even if there are accidents along the way, if something binds to another chemical in a way it shouldn't, there is resilience within the system that it can maybe not necessarily repair itself when it moves on.

However, imperfect mistakes can be handled.

That's where the biology comes in.

But in terms of chemistry, you absolutely cannot have a translation machinery without chemistry.

And so, as I said, there are four main steps.

These are the core steps that are conserved in all translation machinery.

And I should say, all life has this machine, right?

Every cell, everything.

On Earth.

Yeah.

Yes.

Yes.