Bethany Brookshire

Yeah. So I was interested in drugs that primarily targeted dopaminergic systems.

I was interested in chronic high-dose administration of methylphenidate, which is Ritalin. You know, humans, we give people Ritalin starting at very young ages. So I was very interested in what chronic exposure to these drugs means for the brain as you get older. Does it make you more or less susceptible to drug addiction?

I was interested in chronic high-dose administration of methylphenidate, which is Ritalin. You know, humans, we give people Ritalin starting at very young ages. So I was very interested in what chronic exposure to these drugs means for the brain as you get older. Does it make you more or less susceptible to drug addiction?

I was interested in chronic high-dose administration of methylphenidate, which is Ritalin. You know, humans, we give people Ritalin starting at very young ages. So I was very interested in what chronic exposure to these drugs means for the brain as you get older. Does it make you more or less susceptible to drug addiction?

It's tough to say. I did show that in some animals you get tolerance to other drugs that are similar. In some you get sensitization, so they're more sensitive to the effects. You also get transferral, so different drugs that don't necessarily primarily hit that pathway will begin to hit that pathway.

It's tough to say. I did show that in some animals you get tolerance to other drugs that are similar. In some you get sensitization, so they're more sensitive to the effects. You also get transferral, so different drugs that don't necessarily primarily hit that pathway will begin to hit that pathway.

It's tough to say. I did show that in some animals you get tolerance to other drugs that are similar. In some you get sensitization, so they're more sensitive to the effects. You also get transferral, so different drugs that don't necessarily primarily hit that pathway will begin to hit that pathway.

I can say that, for example, in the area where I was looking, which is a group of structures that we call the basal ganglia, there's a lot of similarity between basal ganglias across all mammals, heck, across like reptiles. It's when you get into kind of higher order stuff that things get more different. Certainly there are drastic differences in things like the immune system, but...

I can say that, for example, in the area where I was looking, which is a group of structures that we call the basal ganglia, there's a lot of similarity between basal ganglias across all mammals, heck, across like reptiles. It's when you get into kind of higher order stuff that things get more different. Certainly there are drastic differences in things like the immune system, but...

I can say that, for example, in the area where I was looking, which is a group of structures that we call the basal ganglia, there's a lot of similarity between basal ganglias across all mammals, heck, across like reptiles. It's when you get into kind of higher order stuff that things get more different. Certainly there are drastic differences in things like the immune system, but...

I do strongly feel that rats and mice are really essential to our understanding of the human body and the human brain.

I do strongly feel that rats and mice are really essential to our understanding of the human body and the human brain.

I do strongly feel that rats and mice are really essential to our understanding of the human body and the human brain.

Mice and rats have become very popular research animals in part because they were actually sold that way. C.C. Little, who founded the Jackson Laboratory in Maine, which is one of the world's biggest purveyors of mice for scientific purposes, he wrote a piece in Scientific American selling the mouse as a lab animal to the public. The opening line was, do you like mice? Of course you don't.

Mice and rats have become very popular research animals in part because they were actually sold that way. C.C. Little, who founded the Jackson Laboratory in Maine, which is one of the world's biggest purveyors of mice for scientific purposes, he wrote a piece in Scientific American selling the mouse as a lab animal to the public. The opening line was, do you like mice? Of course you don't.

Mice and rats have become very popular research animals in part because they were actually sold that way. C.C. Little, who founded the Jackson Laboratory in Maine, which is one of the world's biggest purveyors of mice for scientific purposes, he wrote a piece in Scientific American selling the mouse as a lab animal to the public. The opening line was, do you like mice? Of course you don't.

He basically said, mice are awful and we hate them, but they could be heroes of medicine.

He basically said, mice are awful and we hate them, but they could be heroes of medicine.

He basically said, mice are awful and we hate them, but they could be heroes of medicine.

It can be a replacement for other animals that we are currently using. At that time, dogs were a really big research animal. He proposed mice as being, you know, cheaper, faster. They do have all of those things. We have amazing abilities to alter their genetics now. But all of that stems from the fact that we consider them pests. We consider them expendable.