Betül Kaçar

So some biological engineers engineered E. coli to fix nitrogen, I believe, not us.

We use nature's nitrogen fixing bug and engineer it with the nitrogen fixing metabolism that we resurrected using our computational and phylogenetic tools.

Depends on how we define complication.

So I will start with one of the most fascinating machineries that we target, which is the translation machinery.

It is a very unique subsystem of cellular life in comparison to, I would say, metabolism.

And we used to, you know, when we are thinking about cellular life, we think of cell as the basic unit or the building block.

But from a key perspective, that's not the case.

One may argue that everything that happens inside the cell serves the translation and the translation machinery well.

There is a nice paper that called this that the entire cell is hopelessly addicted to this main informatic computing biological chemical system that is operating at the heart of the cell.

It is the translation.

converts a linear sequence of mRNA into a later folded protein.

That's the core processing center for information for life.

It has multiple steps.

It initiates, it elongates, it terminates, and it recycles.

It operates discrete bits of information.

Itself is like a chemical decoding device.

And that is incredibly unique for translation that I don't think you will find anywhere else in the cell that does this.

I would divide it into actually even four more additional steps or disciplines than what would it take to study it by the way you described it.

It's a chemical system.

It's the compounds that make it up are chemicals.