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what else is out there.

So either proposition, as famously being told, is fascinating.

But as a scientist, I think

And I think that's a general behavior.

Maybe not.

My fellow scientists listening to this can correct me if they aren't like this.

But you need to have a level of optimism and hope.

That's something, you know, that things are worth working for, worth dreaming, worth imagining.

And we cannot just have fear of suffering or fear of pain stopping us from doing marvelous things.

I think that's one of the most humbling parts of also being a scientist, that we know that we never know for sure.

And for the outsiders, perhaps, that may be a very strange way of living, especially when your pursuit is about creating knowledge about

And that you'll know that what you created can also be and hopefully will be disproven so that another level will rise.

And I think we've seen that this lack of maybe connection between the approach to science or knowledge versus folks who are maybe not thinking about these problems every day, that we are okay with being wrong.

In fact, we know that that's the only way to push the limits of knowledge.

I think that you cannot separate emergence of translation machinery from emergence of life, or something like translation machinery, this whole informatic chemical computing system that is also capable of dynamism and evolvability that comes with biological behavior from emergence of life itself.

We've definitely took a lot of steps towards understanding origins.

are able to create molecules from environments, lightning, heat, and you make amino acids.

So we are able to create the building blocks, the Miller-Urey experiment.

That's now 60 years ago.

We are able to create the building blocks.