Bliss Chapman

The end-to-end, you know, we say patient in to patient out, is anywhere between two to four hours. In particular case for Nolan, it was about three and a half hours. And there's many steps leading to the actual robot insertion, right? So there's anesthesia induction, and we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure that we're drilling the hole in the right location.

The end-to-end, you know, we say patient in to patient out, is anywhere between two to four hours. In particular case for Nolan, it was about three and a half hours. And there's many steps leading to the actual robot insertion, right? So there's anesthesia induction, and we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure that we're drilling the hole in the right location.

The end-to-end, you know, we say patient in to patient out, is anywhere between two to four hours. In particular case for Nolan, it was about three and a half hours. And there's many steps leading to the actual robot insertion, right? So there's anesthesia induction, and we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure that we're drilling the hole in the right location.

And this is also pre-planned beforehand. Someone like Nolan would go through fMRI and then they can think about wiggling their hand, and obviously due to their injury, it's not gonna actually lead to any sort of intended output, but it's the same part of the brain that actually lights up when you're imagining moving your finger to actually moving your finger.

And this is also pre-planned beforehand. Someone like Nolan would go through fMRI and then they can think about wiggling their hand, and obviously due to their injury, it's not gonna actually lead to any sort of intended output, but it's the same part of the brain that actually lights up when you're imagining moving your finger to actually moving your finger.

And this is also pre-planned beforehand. Someone like Nolan would go through fMRI and then they can think about wiggling their hand, and obviously due to their injury, it's not gonna actually lead to any sort of intended output, but it's the same part of the brain that actually lights up when you're imagining moving your finger to actually moving your finger.

And that's one of the ways in which we can actually know where to place our threads, because we want to go into what's called the hand knob area in the motor cortex, and as much as possible, densely put our electrode threads. So, yeah, we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure and double-check the location of the craniectomy. And the surgeon comes in, does their thing in terms of skin...

And that's one of the ways in which we can actually know where to place our threads, because we want to go into what's called the hand knob area in the motor cortex, and as much as possible, densely put our electrode threads. So, yeah, we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure and double-check the location of the craniectomy. And the surgeon comes in, does their thing in terms of skin...

And that's one of the ways in which we can actually know where to place our threads, because we want to go into what's called the hand knob area in the motor cortex, and as much as possible, densely put our electrode threads. So, yeah, we do intra-op CT imaging to make sure and double-check the location of the craniectomy. And the surgeon comes in, does their thing in terms of skin...

incision, craniectomy, so drilling of the skull. And then there's many different layers of the brain. There's what's called the dura, which is a very, very thick layer that surrounds the brain. That gets actually resected in a process called durectomy. And that then exposed the pia and the brain that you wanna insert.

incision, craniectomy, so drilling of the skull. And then there's many different layers of the brain. There's what's called the dura, which is a very, very thick layer that surrounds the brain. That gets actually resected in a process called durectomy. And that then exposed the pia and the brain that you wanna insert.

incision, craniectomy, so drilling of the skull. And then there's many different layers of the brain. There's what's called the dura, which is a very, very thick layer that surrounds the brain. That gets actually resected in a process called durectomy. And that then exposed the pia and the brain that you wanna insert.

And by the time it's been around anywhere between one to one and a half hours, robot comes in, does his thing, placement of the targets, inserting of the thread. That takes anywhere between 20 to 40 minutes. In the particular case for Nolan, it was just under or just over 30 minutes. And then after that, the surgeon comes in.

And by the time it's been around anywhere between one to one and a half hours, robot comes in, does his thing, placement of the targets, inserting of the thread. That takes anywhere between 20 to 40 minutes. In the particular case for Nolan, it was just under or just over 30 minutes. And then after that, the surgeon comes in.

And by the time it's been around anywhere between one to one and a half hours, robot comes in, does his thing, placement of the targets, inserting of the thread. That takes anywhere between 20 to 40 minutes. In the particular case for Nolan, it was just under or just over 30 minutes. And then after that, the surgeon comes in.

There's a couple other steps of like actually inserting the dural substitute layer to protect the thread as well as the brain. And then, yeah, screw in the implant and then skin flap and then suture and then you're out.

There's a couple other steps of like actually inserting the dural substitute layer to protect the thread as well as the brain. And then, yeah, screw in the implant and then skin flap and then suture and then you're out.

There's a couple other steps of like actually inserting the dural substitute layer to protect the thread as well as the brain. And then, yeah, screw in the implant and then skin flap and then suture and then you're out.

So he was actually immediately after the surgery, like an hour after the surgery, as he was waking up, we did turn on the device, make sure that we are recording neural signals. And we actually did have a couple signals that we noticed that he can actually modulate. And what I mean by modulate is that he can think about crunching his fist. And you could see the spike disappear and appear.

So he was actually immediately after the surgery, like an hour after the surgery, as he was waking up, we did turn on the device, make sure that we are recording neural signals. And we actually did have a couple signals that we noticed that he can actually modulate. And what I mean by modulate is that he can think about crunching his fist. And you could see the spike disappear and appear.