Cari Cesarotti

And you can think about this, I think, with sort of relativity is the best way to sort of understand it. So if you have something that's got angular momentum, let's say that it's turning to the right. If something is massive, then you as an observer can boost yourself either in front or behind of that object. And if you are in front, you see it turning one way.

And you can think about this, I think, with sort of relativity is the best way to sort of understand it. So if you have something that's got angular momentum, let's say that it's turning to the right. If something is massive, then you as an observer can boost yourself either in front or behind of that object. And if you are in front, you see it turning one way.

And if you're behind, you see it turning a different way. So you need to have an object that allows to spin both to the right and to the left to be able to describe that in nature. However, if the object is massless, then it is traveling at the speed of light. And there does not exist a valid frame in which you can boost to flip that spin.

And if you're behind, you see it turning a different way. So you need to have an object that allows to spin both to the right and to the left to be able to describe that in nature. However, if the object is massless, then it is traveling at the speed of light. And there does not exist a valid frame in which you can boost to flip that spin.

This is why you don't need both a left and a right-handed spinning degree of freedom to describe these particles. In our standard model, we have left and right-handed degrees of freedom for all of the quarks and the electron and the muon, which is my favorite particle, and the tau. But we do not have that for the neutrinos. For the neutrinos, we only have left-handed field components.

This is why you don't need both a left and a right-handed spinning degree of freedom to describe these particles. In our standard model, we have left and right-handed degrees of freedom for all of the quarks and the electron and the muon, which is my favorite particle, and the tau. But we do not have that for the neutrinos. For the neutrinos, we only have left-handed field components.

So if they were to get mass, you would need to have either two neutrinos and two Higgs interacting, which is different from the fermions, which is just one Higgs and two of the fermions. But that's something that we have not been able to verify if this is right.

So if they were to get mass, you would need to have either two neutrinos and two Higgs interacting, which is different from the fermions, which is just one Higgs and two of the fermions. But that's something that we have not been able to verify if this is right.

So neutrinos could be what we either call Majorana fermions, where they don't have to have this left and right-handed story, or they can be Dirac, where they do have a left and right-handed story, and we just haven't found the right-handed component of the neutrino yet.

So neutrinos could be what we either call Majorana fermions, where they don't have to have this left and right-handed story, or they can be Dirac, where they do have a left and right-handed story, and we just haven't found the right-handed component of the neutrino yet.

I don't know if that was way too technical or not.

I don't know if that was way too technical or not.

Exactly.

Exactly.

Yes.

Yes.

Yeah, so if you want it to basically have the same sort of mechanism as the other fermions in the standard model, which would make sense because, again, as physicists, the thing that we say is beautiful is symmetry. If you want it to have a left-handed and right-handed component, then we just need to find a new particle that is the right-handed neutrino.

Yeah, so if you want it to basically have the same sort of mechanism as the other fermions in the standard model, which would make sense because, again, as physicists, the thing that we say is beautiful is symmetry. If you want it to have a left-handed and right-handed component, then we just need to find a new particle that is the right-handed neutrino.

And then it could get its math through the Higgs, and things could be similar but a bit different to the rest of the standard model. The other option that I said before to do perhaps what's Majorana, Fermion instead, is that you don't need the left and the right-handed. Is that the neutrino, you just need the one degree of freedom in the neutrino.

And then it could get its math through the Higgs, and things could be similar but a bit different to the rest of the standard model. The other option that I said before to do perhaps what's Majorana, Fermion instead, is that you don't need the left and the right-handed. Is that the neutrino, you just need the one degree of freedom in the neutrino.