Carole Hooven, Ph.D.

Okay.

I want to go back to the critical period.

This is also extremely important and has been shown in non-human animals.

The critical period in development, you've got the period where testosterone is being produced in the fetus.

And within that, there are certain developmental periods where different parts of the brain and body are receptive to testosterone's actions.

We know from non-human primates that there are different critical periods for, say, development of the genitalia, other parts of the reproductive system, and potentially for sexual and aggressive behavior separately.

That's interesting because when we want to understand certain aspects of male behavior or differences in male behavior, it's helpful to know that possibly aggressive and sexual behavior may have different thresholds for male typical versus female typical.

and that there may be different critical periods so that we don't really know in humans.

Also, in males, once you hit your sort of male typical level of testosterone, we're just talking about male versus female typical patterns of behavior.

In males, in adulthood, at any stage, there isn't really a dose-response relationship.

It's more

you're at a level that's like 10 to 20 times more than females.

Female have some testosterone exposure in utero and some females have more than would be typical.

And we should talk about that.

There is a dose response relationship because our levels are so low and we're extremely sensitive to differences.

But males have so much more, those differences don't seem to make

Yes, yes.

Okay, thank you so much.

Is that correct?

Yes.