Charan Ranganath

So a lot of mnemonic devices work that way. I also mentioned error, and this is kind of a counterintuitive one. I usually like to talk about this last, but it's the second letter in medic. So error is basically the fact that the more we struggle to try to pull up a memory,

So a lot of mnemonic devices work that way. I also mentioned error, and this is kind of a counterintuitive one. I usually like to talk about this last, but it's the second letter in medic. So error is basically the fact that the more we struggle to try to pull up a memory,

So a lot of mnemonic devices work that way. I also mentioned error, and this is kind of a counterintuitive one. I usually like to talk about this last, but it's the second letter in medic. So error is basically the fact that the more we struggle to try to pull up a memory,

And if we get the right feedback, what will happen is it gives our brain a chance to actually stabilize the memory and repair the problems that would happen. What I mean by this is, let's say you memorize how to pronounce my name. And then later on, an hour later, you just ask yourself, okay, how did I pronounce this name again? Let me try it. And you just say it.

And if we get the right feedback, what will happen is it gives our brain a chance to actually stabilize the memory and repair the problems that would happen. What I mean by this is, let's say you memorize how to pronounce my name. And then later on, an hour later, you just ask yourself, okay, how did I pronounce this name again? Let me try it. And you just say it.

And if we get the right feedback, what will happen is it gives our brain a chance to actually stabilize the memory and repair the problems that would happen. What I mean by this is, let's say you memorize how to pronounce my name. And then later on, an hour later, you just ask yourself, okay, how did I pronounce this name again? Let me try it. And you just say it.

and then you play back what you actually said, which you did it perfectly, by the way, what you'll find is you hear that and now your brain will go, wait, I made a little bit of a mistake. It wasn't quite what I said before. Let me fix that memory. And we can see this inaction in the brain.

and then you play back what you actually said, which you did it perfectly, by the way, what you'll find is you hear that and now your brain will go, wait, I made a little bit of a mistake. It wasn't quite what I said before. Let me fix that memory. And we can see this inaction in the brain.

and then you play back what you actually said, which you did it perfectly, by the way, what you'll find is you hear that and now your brain will go, wait, I made a little bit of a mistake. It wasn't quite what I said before. Let me fix that memory. And we can see this inaction in the brain.

We've shown that you get activity in areas like the hippocampus when you're actually trying to retrieve information and then you repair these memories relative to just trying to memorize it, just looking at it. That's why you learn a layout of a place better if you drive yourself than if you sit in an Uber.

We've shown that you get activity in areas like the hippocampus when you're actually trying to retrieve information and then you repair these memories relative to just trying to memorize it, just looking at it. That's why you learn a layout of a place better if you drive yourself than if you sit in an Uber.

We've shown that you get activity in areas like the hippocampus when you're actually trying to retrieve information and then you repair these memories relative to just trying to memorize it, just looking at it. That's why you learn a layout of a place better if you drive yourself than if you sit in an Uber.

Because you're actively trying to generate stuff for memory and then finding, oh wait, I was wrong. And those errors allow the brain to build a more detailed map, so to speak. So error is one. The more you struggle, the better it is information will stick and you'll be able to retain it later on if

Because you're actively trying to generate stuff for memory and then finding, oh wait, I was wrong. And those errors allow the brain to build a more detailed map, so to speak. So error is one. The more you struggle, the better it is information will stick and you'll be able to retain it later on if

Because you're actively trying to generate stuff for memory and then finding, oh wait, I was wrong. And those errors allow the brain to build a more detailed map, so to speak. So error is one. The more you struggle, the better it is information will stick and you'll be able to retain it later on if

If you don't give yourself a chance to struggle, like you just read the lines and play without rehearsing them from memory, you're never going to memorize it and retain it well, right? So that's another example. So I went to error. There was also now distinctiveness. So distinctiveness means that essentially our memories are competing with each other. And so this is a little bit counterintuitive.

If you don't give yourself a chance to struggle, like you just read the lines and play without rehearsing them from memory, you're never going to memorize it and retain it well, right? So that's another example. So I went to error. There was also now distinctiveness. So distinctiveness means that essentially our memories are competing with each other. And so this is a little bit counterintuitive.

If you don't give yourself a chance to struggle, like you just read the lines and play without rehearsing them from memory, you're never going to memorize it and retain it well, right? So that's another example. So I went to error. There was also now distinctiveness. So distinctiveness means that essentially our memories are competing with each other. And so this is a little bit counterintuitive.

You might think memories are just like your phone. You store photos and every photo is independent of each other. But that's not the way the brain does it. This is why we don't run out of capacity like your phone does. Because we're using the same neurons to code multiple memories. And so what happens is that there's a pattern of activity that's uniquely associated with my memory for you.

You might think memories are just like your phone. You store photos and every photo is independent of each other. But that's not the way the brain does it. This is why we don't run out of capacity like your phone does. Because we're using the same neurons to code multiple memories. And so what happens is that there's a pattern of activity that's uniquely associated with my memory for you.