Charan Ranganath

Well, what I'll say is that the pain that I'm talking about is the pain of struggling to remember something. And so if we adopt a strategy of saying that essentially memorizing should be hard, learning should be hard, as opposed to learning should be easy and I should be getting easy A's all the time, then it's not so painful. It's just part of the process.

Just like you would be if you're trying to learn how to play tennis, you just do it because you like it, right? Yeah. And so the more we can kind of get people from thinking about memory is kind of a shortcoming to thinking about memory is learning is a journey of curiosity. Then it's no longer painful. It's kind of the whole process of learning. Right.

Just like you would be if you're trying to learn how to play tennis, you just do it because you like it, right? Yeah. And so the more we can kind of get people from thinking about memory is kind of a shortcoming to thinking about memory is learning is a journey of curiosity. Then it's no longer painful. It's kind of the whole process of learning. Right.

Just like you would be if you're trying to learn how to play tennis, you just do it because you like it, right? Yeah. And so the more we can kind of get people from thinking about memory is kind of a shortcoming to thinking about memory is learning is a journey of curiosity. Then it's no longer painful. It's kind of the whole process of learning. Right.

So that that's separate from the point that you brought up about the negativity bias. But maybe we could let you react to that.

So that that's separate from the point that you brought up about the negativity bias. But maybe we could let you react to that.

So that that's separate from the point that you brought up about the negativity bias. But maybe we could let you react to that.

Okay, so separate from this is this negativity bias. And this is another thing I think that people don't appreciate is that our memories for the past are incredibly biased by what's going on around us in the present. So what I mean by that is if I'm feeling bad, I will have a bias to pull up negative memories. And whatever memories I pull up, I will reconstruct them in kind of a negative way.

Okay, so separate from this is this negativity bias. And this is another thing I think that people don't appreciate is that our memories for the past are incredibly biased by what's going on around us in the present. So what I mean by that is if I'm feeling bad, I will have a bias to pull up negative memories. And whatever memories I pull up, I will reconstruct them in kind of a negative way.

Okay, so separate from this is this negativity bias. And this is another thing I think that people don't appreciate is that our memories for the past are incredibly biased by what's going on around us in the present. So what I mean by that is if I'm feeling bad, I will have a bias to pull up negative memories. And whatever memories I pull up, I will reconstruct them in kind of a negative way.

Now, if I'm in a positive frame of mind, I will manifest that opposite bias where I'll be able to pull up memories that are more positive and reconstruct them in a more positive way. So you tend to see both kinds of biases. In fact, oddly enough, as people get really older, they tend to have more of a positive bias in their memory for whatever reason.

Now, if I'm in a positive frame of mind, I will manifest that opposite bias where I'll be able to pull up memories that are more positive and reconstruct them in a more positive way. So you tend to see both kinds of biases. In fact, oddly enough, as people get really older, they tend to have more of a positive bias in their memory for whatever reason.

Now, if I'm in a positive frame of mind, I will manifest that opposite bias where I'll be able to pull up memories that are more positive and reconstruct them in a more positive way. So you tend to see both kinds of biases. In fact, oddly enough, as people get really older, they tend to have more of a positive bias in their memory for whatever reason.

This is, of course, just on average, but everybody has ups and downs, right? And that's going to affect our memories. And just as an example of this, let's say I had an ex-girlfriend who was dating and she dumped me.

This is, of course, just on average, but everybody has ups and downs, right? And that's going to affect our memories. And just as an example of this, let's say I had an ex-girlfriend who was dating and she dumped me.

This is, of course, just on average, but everybody has ups and downs, right? And that's going to affect our memories. And just as an example of this, let's say I had an ex-girlfriend who was dating and she dumped me.

for a couple of months, I'm remembering all of these terrible things, either things that I could have done that I did that might've led to the breakup or things that she did that made me think that she was such a terrible person. Uh, Then later on, I meet the woman of my dreams who I ended up marrying. And it was just like six months later.

for a couple of months, I'm remembering all of these terrible things, either things that I could have done that I did that might've led to the breakup or things that she did that made me think that she was such a terrible person. Uh, Then later on, I meet the woman of my dreams who I ended up marrying. And it was just like six months later.

for a couple of months, I'm remembering all of these terrible things, either things that I could have done that I did that might've led to the breakup or things that she did that made me think that she was such a terrible person. Uh, Then later on, I meet the woman of my dreams who I ended up marrying. And it was just like six months later.

And now I can look back at my memories from that first relationship in a completely different perspective where it's neither good nor bad. It's just like, if anything, I dodged a bullet. And now I can look back at the positive experiences, what I got out of that relationship, as well as the negative experiences. And so that's what I mean is that...