Charan Ranganath

it may be more like they get a shock and then they get an immediate what just happened and then they get a memory retrieval of the tone and that allows them to put the two together to learn that this tone caused the shock, right? And dopamine seems to be playing a part in that learning process too. So it's not just about reward.

it may be more like they get a shock and then they get an immediate what just happened and then they get a memory retrieval of the tone and that allows them to put the two together to learn that this tone caused the shock, right? And dopamine seems to be playing a part in that learning process too. So it's not just about reward.

It's really kind of, you know, the next time you hear that tone, you might, if it were a real threat, you could actually escape from it, right? And there's this whole active avoidance literature that you can look at with these approach circuits that are actually quite useful for avoiding threats and avoiding punishment. So it's really, to me, I see this role for energizing.

It's really kind of, you know, the next time you hear that tone, you might, if it were a real threat, you could actually escape from it, right? And there's this whole active avoidance literature that you can look at with these approach circuits that are actually quite useful for avoiding threats and avoiding punishment. So it's really, to me, I see this role for energizing.

It's really kind of, you know, the next time you hear that tone, you might, if it were a real threat, you could actually escape from it, right? And there's this whole active avoidance literature that you can look at with these approach circuits that are actually quite useful for avoiding threats and avoiding punishment. So it's really, to me, I see this role for energizing.

And that's often rewards. I mean, I like rewards as much as the next guy, right? I mean, look at how much coffee I drank when I got here. So it's not that, but it's just that it's mobilizing you, I think.

And that's often rewards. I mean, I like rewards as much as the next guy, right? I mean, look at how much coffee I drank when I got here. So it's not that, but it's just that it's mobilizing you, I think.

And that's often rewards. I mean, I like rewards as much as the next guy, right? I mean, look at how much coffee I drank when I got here. So it's not that, but it's just that it's mobilizing you, I think.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah.

Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, to me, I talk about this a little bit in the book, but to me, and if you look at the literature too, you can see this, a big part of being curious is the appraisal process, so to speak. And what I mean by that is saying— So something happens, right? Let's say something in your environment happens. If you're going to – you have a decision to make. Is this interesting?

Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, to me, I talk about this a little bit in the book, but to me, and if you look at the literature too, you can see this, a big part of being curious is the appraisal process, so to speak. And what I mean by that is saying— So something happens, right? Let's say something in your environment happens. If you're going to – you have a decision to make. Is this interesting?

Yeah, yeah, yeah. I mean, to me, I talk about this a little bit in the book, but to me, and if you look at the literature too, you can see this, a big part of being curious is the appraisal process, so to speak. And what I mean by that is saying— So something happens, right? Let's say something in your environment happens. If you're going to – you have a decision to make. Is this interesting?

Is this important? Is this scary? And I think the thing is, is that you need to be open to that possibility that it's interesting. So let me just give you like an example that I often give. Let's say you're walking in a neighborhood, you're traveling like you do for many of your events, and you walk into a new neighborhood you haven't been to.

Is this important? Is this scary? And I think the thing is, is that you need to be open to that possibility that it's interesting. So let me just give you like an example that I often give. Let's say you're walking in a neighborhood, you're traveling like you do for many of your events, and you walk into a new neighborhood you haven't been to.

Is this important? Is this scary? And I think the thing is, is that you need to be open to that possibility that it's interesting. So let me just give you like an example that I often give. Let's say you're walking in a neighborhood, you're traveling like you do for many of your events, and you walk into a new neighborhood you haven't been to.

It's nighttime, kind of poorly lit, and you hear a loud noise, right? You could be like, well, that's a gunshot. I better hide or I better run. Or you could be like, oh, maybe there's a club nearby and there's like a cool band playing. I should go check this out. that appraisal is really critical for how you respond. And so it's not just a matter of curiosity happens.

It's nighttime, kind of poorly lit, and you hear a loud noise, right? You could be like, well, that's a gunshot. I better hide or I better run. Or you could be like, oh, maybe there's a club nearby and there's like a cool band playing. I should go check this out. that appraisal is really critical for how you respond. And so it's not just a matter of curiosity happens.

It's nighttime, kind of poorly lit, and you hear a loud noise, right? You could be like, well, that's a gunshot. I better hide or I better run. Or you could be like, oh, maybe there's a club nearby and there's like a cool band playing. I should go check this out. that appraisal is really critical for how you respond. And so it's not just a matter of curiosity happens.