Charan Ranganath

And so what happens is that when you have certain kinds of things that happen with aging, like damage to the white matter, that happens through essentially tiny cerebrovascular events, most likely. And we've done some research on this in our lab in collaboration with Bill Jagus, who's now in Berkeley, and Charlie DeCarli. And

You can measure this in MRIs with a measure called white matter hyperintensities. You use a scan that shows up little bright spots where the white matter is probably damaged. And what you find is that these people with white matter hyperintensities actually have memory performance that's as poor as people who have hippocampal atrophy probably in the early stages of Alzheimer's.

You can measure this in MRIs with a measure called white matter hyperintensities. You use a scan that shows up little bright spots where the white matter is probably damaged. And what you find is that these people with white matter hyperintensities actually have memory performance that's as poor as people who have hippocampal atrophy probably in the early stages of Alzheimer's.

You can measure this in MRIs with a measure called white matter hyperintensities. You use a scan that shows up little bright spots where the white matter is probably damaged. And what you find is that these people with white matter hyperintensities actually have memory performance that's as poor as people who have hippocampal atrophy probably in the early stages of Alzheimer's.

And they're also bad at controlling information even when they don't have to remember something. So it's like a double whammy. And it's kind of like the executive is trapped in a remote place and they got no internet access and no phone. And so they can't communicate with the company as everybody's just doing their own thing, right? And that's a little bit of what can happen with aging.

And they're also bad at controlling information even when they don't have to remember something. So it's like a double whammy. And it's kind of like the executive is trapped in a remote place and they got no internet access and no phone. And so they can't communicate with the company as everybody's just doing their own thing, right? And that's a little bit of what can happen with aging.

And they're also bad at controlling information even when they don't have to remember something. So it's like a double whammy. And it's kind of like the executive is trapped in a remote place and they got no internet access and no phone. And so they can't communicate with the company as everybody's just doing their own thing, right? And that's a little bit of what can happen with aging.

It doesn't have to, but that can happen. And you see this to a really great extent in many disorders. This is why so many disorders really affect control and frontal function, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many kinds of things. We talked about brain fog. Many kinds of inflammatory conditions will affect it. Depression, clinical depressions. I've seen people, older adults with depression,

It doesn't have to, but that can happen. And you see this to a really great extent in many disorders. This is why so many disorders really affect control and frontal function, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many kinds of things. We talked about brain fog. Many kinds of inflammatory conditions will affect it. Depression, clinical depressions. I've seen people, older adults with depression,

It doesn't have to, but that can happen. And you see this to a really great extent in many disorders. This is why so many disorders really affect control and frontal function, multiple sclerosis, diabetes, many kinds of things. We talked about brain fog. Many kinds of inflammatory conditions will affect it. Depression, clinical depressions. I've seen people, older adults with depression,

who are cognitively more impaired than people in the MCI stage of Alzheimer's.

who are cognitively more impaired than people in the MCI stage of Alzheimer's.

who are cognitively more impaired than people in the MCI stage of Alzheimer's.

It's terrible for memory. And it seems to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's as well.

It's terrible for memory. And it seems to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's as well.

It's terrible for memory. And it seems to be a risk factor for Alzheimer's as well.

I would probably not say that. And I would say also, I don't know what, I mean, you know, once you kind of get into these things in the epidemiological world, everything interacts with each other and there's genetics and there's environment and blah, blah, blah.

I would probably not say that. And I would say also, I don't know what, I mean, you know, once you kind of get into these things in the epidemiological world, everything interacts with each other and there's genetics and there's environment and blah, blah, blah.

I would probably not say that. And I would say also, I don't know what, I mean, you know, once you kind of get into these things in the epidemiological world, everything interacts with each other and there's genetics and there's environment and blah, blah, blah.

You know, I think that's a big part, but you do. Okay. So let's go back to your question because I do think curiosity is affected by I don't know the research on this, but I would be shocked if it isn't. And I do think that dopamine activity is disrupted in depression.