Charan Ranganath

Well, I think that there's events that we experience that are objectively bad. But what do we take away from those experiences, right? Sometimes there are learning experiences where we would say, OK, I don't want to make that mistake again. There's something we can look at and learn from and take with us into the future. Sometimes there's things that are just bad things happen to people.

Well, I think that there's events that we experience that are objectively bad. But what do we take away from those experiences, right? Sometimes there are learning experiences where we would say, OK, I don't want to make that mistake again. There's something we can look at and learn from and take with us into the future. Sometimes there's things that are just bad things happen to people.

But even then, you learn from your resilience and you learn that you survive those experiences. And so I've had experiences like that myself. And I think that act of changing the way you look at the past makes you realize that it's not an objective thing. The way we look at the memory is going to affect how we feel about it.

But even then, you learn from your resilience and you learn that you survive those experiences. And so I've had experiences like that myself. And I think that act of changing the way you look at the past makes you realize that it's not an objective thing. The way we look at the memory is going to affect how we feel about it.

But even then, you learn from your resilience and you learn that you survive those experiences. And so I've had experiences like that myself. And I think that act of changing the way you look at the past makes you realize that it's not an objective thing. The way we look at the memory is going to affect how we feel about it.

That's right. That's right. But what I would say is that we can even – it's not like you're fundamentally changing necessarily your recall of what happened. But when we look at memories from a different perspective, we can often see different things. You can actually pull up parts of the memory that you didn't even know were there before, right?

That's right. That's right. But what I would say is that we can even – it's not like you're fundamentally changing necessarily your recall of what happened. But when we look at memories from a different perspective, we can often see different things. You can actually pull up parts of the memory that you didn't even know were there before, right?

That's right. That's right. But what I would say is that we can even – it's not like you're fundamentally changing necessarily your recall of what happened. But when we look at memories from a different perspective, we can often see different things. You can actually pull up parts of the memory that you didn't even know were there before, right?

So it's not necessarily distorting your memory but changing your perspective. But that in and of itself now changes that narrative that you've started to put together. So the story is part of how we approach that past. And building that new story changes our default way, so to speak, of imagining how that thing could have been.

So it's not necessarily distorting your memory but changing your perspective. But that in and of itself now changes that narrative that you've started to put together. So the story is part of how we approach that past. And building that new story changes our default way, so to speak, of imagining how that thing could have been.

So it's not necessarily distorting your memory but changing your perspective. But that in and of itself now changes that narrative that you've started to put together. So the story is part of how we approach that past. And building that new story changes our default way, so to speak, of imagining how that thing could have been.

Well, one of the fascinating things about sleep is we tend to think, oh, nothing's happening. I'm not getting anything done. But your brain is hugely at work. There are all these different stages of sleep where you can see these symphony of waves where different parts of the brain are talking to each other, essentially.

Well, one of the fascinating things about sleep is we tend to think, oh, nothing's happening. I'm not getting anything done. But your brain is hugely at work. There are all these different stages of sleep where you can see these symphony of waves where different parts of the brain are talking to each other, essentially.

Well, one of the fascinating things about sleep is we tend to think, oh, nothing's happening. I'm not getting anything done. But your brain is hugely at work. There are all these different stages of sleep where you can see these symphony of waves where different parts of the brain are talking to each other, essentially.

And so we know for a fact that at some of these stages of sleep, what happens is the brain will flush out toxins like the amyloid protein that can build up over the course of a day. So just by virtue of that function, sleep is very important. But then on top of it, what we can see is that the neurons that were active during a particular experience we have come back alive during sleep.

And so we know for a fact that at some of these stages of sleep, what happens is the brain will flush out toxins like the amyloid protein that can build up over the course of a day. So just by virtue of that function, sleep is very important. But then on top of it, what we can see is that the neurons that were active during a particular experience we have come back alive during sleep.

And so we know for a fact that at some of these stages of sleep, what happens is the brain will flush out toxins like the amyloid protein that can build up over the course of a day. So just by virtue of that function, sleep is very important. But then on top of it, what we can see is that the neurons that were active during a particular experience we have come back alive during sleep.

And so there seems to be some processing of memories that happen during sleep. And the processing of memories can sometimes lead to some parts of the memory being strengthened, or sometimes you're better able to integrate what happened recently with things that happened in the past. And so sleep scientist Matt Walker likes to say that sleep converts memory into wisdom, for instance.

And so there seems to be some processing of memories that happen during sleep. And the processing of memories can sometimes lead to some parts of the memory being strengthened, or sometimes you're better able to integrate what happened recently with things that happened in the past. And so sleep scientist Matt Walker likes to say that sleep converts memory into wisdom, for instance.

And so there seems to be some processing of memories that happen during sleep. And the processing of memories can sometimes lead to some parts of the memory being strengthened, or sometimes you're better able to integrate what happened recently with things that happened in the past. And so sleep scientist Matt Walker likes to say that sleep converts memory into wisdom, for instance.