Charles Liu

If you're looking at it or trying to measure it with certain kinds of machines or detectors that are detecting waves, you'll find waves.

But if you measure it using something that detects particles, you'll find particles.

And you can switch midstream and get a whole different thing that you expected originally just by how you choose to measure it.

And so it's a really amazing...

confluence between what's going on inside our heads, what's going on outside our heads, how much of it do we share, and how much of it is really truly only our own?

And I wish, Hannah, I had an answer for you, but it is still being discussed.

It is not yet confirmed whether or not observers are necessary for the universe to actually have an objective reality.

You mean this book?

The quantum physics answer book?

It was there or it wasn't there until I observed it.

And all of a sudden, there it was.

Oh, it's kind of hard, but I'll do my best.

If you think about information as you're looking at a system with lots and lots of stuff, what is it about the stuff that distinguishes this stuff from other stuff?

In other words, you have a blob of matter in the universe.

Then you have another blob of matter.

What makes this blob different from that blob?

It's the information you get from it.

It's not the form.

It's not, for example, whether it's an atom or whether it's a proton or whether it's a neutron, but rather whether it's

spin up or spin down or whether it is this temperature or whether it is that.