Daniel J. Levitin

So stuttering, like Parkinson's, is a motor disorder. It's a failure to regulate movements in a particular order and at a particular time. People who stutter are unable to get the words out in the right order and at the right time. The thing about music is that it has its own intrinsic tempo to it. Language, normal spoken language, doesn't. We sort of say things the way we want when we want.

So stuttering, like Parkinson's, is a motor disorder. It's a failure to regulate movements in a particular order and at a particular time. People who stutter are unable to get the words out in the right order and at the right time. The thing about music is that it has its own intrinsic tempo to it. Language, normal spoken language, doesn't. We sort of say things the way we want when we want.

But when we're singing, there's a time when the word has to come. And so if you can sing and not have any disfluency, it's because of music's internal clock that carries you along with it. So Elvis Presley... who we talked about earlier, was famously a stutterer when he spoke. He didn't stutter when he sang.

But when we're singing, there's a time when the word has to come. And so if you can sing and not have any disfluency, it's because of music's internal clock that carries you along with it. So Elvis Presley... who we talked about earlier, was famously a stutterer when he spoke. He didn't stutter when he sang.

But when we're singing, there's a time when the word has to come. And so if you can sing and not have any disfluency, it's because of music's internal clock that carries you along with it. So Elvis Presley... who we talked about earlier, was famously a stutterer when he spoke. He didn't stutter when he sang.

He also acted, but he probably, when he was acting, memorized the script with a certain cadence. James Earl Jones, the actor, is very disfluent and stutters when he gives interviews. But when he's in a role, like in Star Wars, or many of the other great roles he had, he has to be able to memorize the script perfectly. with a cadence and work out ahead of time what the rhythm will be.

He also acted, but he probably, when he was acting, memorized the script with a certain cadence. James Earl Jones, the actor, is very disfluent and stutters when he gives interviews. But when he's in a role, like in Star Wars, or many of the other great roles he had, he has to be able to memorize the script perfectly. with a cadence and work out ahead of time what the rhythm will be.

He also acted, but he probably, when he was acting, memorized the script with a certain cadence. James Earl Jones, the actor, is very disfluent and stutters when he gives interviews. But when he's in a role, like in Star Wars, or many of the other great roles he had, he has to be able to memorize the script perfectly. with a cadence and work out ahead of time what the rhythm will be.

And once he does that, these rhythmic circuits in the brain, which are separate from the language circuits, take over. They effectively hijack the speech system, and you're in the music mode.

And once he does that, these rhythmic circuits in the brain, which are separate from the language circuits, take over. They effectively hijack the speech system, and you're in the music mode.

And once he does that, these rhythmic circuits in the brain, which are separate from the language circuits, take over. They effectively hijack the speech system, and you're in the music mode.

Tourette's is, by definition, a motor disorder characterized by tics, unwanted movements. There are some versions of Tourette's that include swearing uncontrollably. And at least with the tics, musicians who have Tourette's, such as Billie Eilish, The tics almost disappear when they're performing.

Tourette's is, by definition, a motor disorder characterized by tics, unwanted movements. There are some versions of Tourette's that include swearing uncontrollably. And at least with the tics, musicians who have Tourette's, such as Billie Eilish, The tics almost disappear when they're performing.

Tourette's is, by definition, a motor disorder characterized by tics, unwanted movements. There are some versions of Tourette's that include swearing uncontrollably. And at least with the tics, musicians who have Tourette's, such as Billie Eilish, The tics almost disappear when they're performing.

Again, because the music system, in the way that singers can bypass the speech system, the music system takes over the motor system in its service, in the service of playing music. And so the tics disappear, and it's an island of respite for them. They may not disappear completely, but they're certainly reduced.

Again, because the music system, in the way that singers can bypass the speech system, the music system takes over the motor system in its service, in the service of playing music. And so the tics disappear, and it's an island of respite for them. They may not disappear completely, but they're certainly reduced.

Again, because the music system, in the way that singers can bypass the speech system, the music system takes over the motor system in its service, in the service of playing music. And so the tics disappear, and it's an island of respite for them. They may not disappear completely, but they're certainly reduced.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease. that attacks the myelin, which is the insulating sheath around the neurons. Neurons are sending electrical signals, and like the wiring in your house or in that microphone that's in front of you, they need to be insulated so they don't short circuit or arc.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease. that attacks the myelin, which is the insulating sheath around the neurons. Neurons are sending electrical signals, and like the wiring in your house or in that microphone that's in front of you, they need to be insulated so they don't short circuit or arc.

Multiple sclerosis is a neurodegenerative disease. that attacks the myelin, which is the insulating sheath around the neurons. Neurons are sending electrical signals, and like the wiring in your house or in that microphone that's in front of you, they need to be insulated so they don't short circuit or arc.