David Eagleman

That is correct. Everything we've been talking about so far with sensory substitution, that's a way of pushing information in and non-invasive. And what Neuralink is, you have to drill a hole in the head to get to the brain itself, but then you can do reading and writing invasively. That actually has been going on for 60 years now. The language of the brain is electrical stimulation.

That is correct. Everything we've been talking about so far with sensory substitution, that's a way of pushing information in and non-invasive. And what Neuralink is, you have to drill a hole in the head to get to the brain itself, but then you can do reading and writing invasively. That actually has been going on for 60 years now. The language of the brain is electrical stimulation.

And so with a little tiny wire, essentially, you can zap a neuron and make it pop off, or you can listen to when it's chattering along, going pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa. There's nothing actually new about what Neuralink is doing, except that they're making a one-ton robot that sews the electrodes into the brain. So it can do it smaller and tighter and faster than a neurosurgeon can.

And so with a little tiny wire, essentially, you can zap a neuron and make it pop off, or you can listen to when it's chattering along, going pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa. There's nothing actually new about what Neuralink is doing, except that they're making a one-ton robot that sews the electrodes into the brain. So it can do it smaller and tighter and faster than a neurosurgeon can.

And so with a little tiny wire, essentially, you can zap a neuron and make it pop off, or you can listen to when it's chattering along, going pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa-pa. There's nothing actually new about what Neuralink is doing, except that they're making a one-ton robot that sews the electrodes into the brain. So it can do it smaller and tighter and faster than a neurosurgeon can.

And by the way, there are a lot of great companies doing this sort of thing with electrodes. As people get access to the brain, we're finally getting to a point, we're not there yet, but we're getting to a point where we'll finally be able to push theory forward. There's really no shortage of theoretical ideas in neuroscience.

And by the way, there are a lot of great companies doing this sort of thing with electrodes. As people get access to the brain, we're finally getting to a point, we're not there yet, but we're getting to a point where we'll finally be able to push theory forward. There's really no shortage of theoretical ideas in neuroscience.

And by the way, there are a lot of great companies doing this sort of thing with electrodes. As people get access to the brain, we're finally getting to a point, we're not there yet, but we're getting to a point where we'll finally be able to push theory forward. There's really no shortage of theoretical ideas in neuroscience.

But fundamentally, we don't have enough data because, as I mentioned, you've got these 86 billion neurons all doing their thing, and we have never measured what all these things are doing at the same time.

But fundamentally, we don't have enough data because, as I mentioned, you've got these 86 billion neurons all doing their thing, and we have never measured what all these things are doing at the same time.

But fundamentally, we don't have enough data because, as I mentioned, you've got these 86 billion neurons all doing their thing, and we have never measured what all these things are doing at the same time.

So we have technologies like functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, which measures big blobby volumes of, ooh, there was some activity there and some activity there, but that doesn't tell us what's happening at the level of individual neurons. We can currently measure some individual neurons, but not many of them.

So we have technologies like functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, which measures big blobby volumes of, ooh, there was some activity there and some activity there, but that doesn't tell us what's happening at the level of individual neurons. We can currently measure some individual neurons, but not many of them.

So we have technologies like functional magnetic resonance imaging, fMRI, which measures big blobby volumes of, ooh, there was some activity there and some activity there, but that doesn't tell us what's happening at the level of individual neurons. We can currently measure some individual neurons, but not many of them.

Be like if an alien asked one person in New York City, hey, what's going on here? And then tried to extrapolate to understand the entire economy of New York City and how that's all working. So I think we're finally getting closer to the point where we'll have real data about, wow, this is what

Be like if an alien asked one person in New York City, hey, what's going on here? And then tried to extrapolate to understand the entire economy of New York City and how that's all working. So I think we're finally getting closer to the point where we'll have real data about, wow, this is what

Be like if an alien asked one person in New York City, hey, what's going on here? And then tried to extrapolate to understand the entire economy of New York City and how that's all working. So I think we're finally getting closer to the point where we'll have real data about, wow, this is what

thousands or eventually hundreds of thousands or millions of neurons are actually doing in real time at the same moment. And then we'll be able to really get progress. I actually think the future is not in things like Neuralink, but the next level past that, which is nanorobotics.

thousands or eventually hundreds of thousands or millions of neurons are actually doing in real time at the same moment. And then we'll be able to really get progress. I actually think the future is not in things like Neuralink, but the next level past that, which is nanorobotics.

thousands or eventually hundreds of thousands or millions of neurons are actually doing in real time at the same moment. And then we'll be able to really get progress. I actually think the future is not in things like Neuralink, but the next level past that, which is nanorobotics.