Demis Hassabis

And those are the two areas that we have focused on in our science group, which I think is, you know, fairly unique amongst the AI labs, actually, in terms of how much we push that from the beginning. And then, and protein folding specifically was this canonical for me. I sort of came across it when I was an undergrad in Cambridge, you know, 30 years ago.

And it's always stuck with me as this fantastic puzzle that would unlock so many possibilities. You know, the structure of proteins, everything in life depends on proteins. and we need to understand the structure so we know their function.

And it's always stuck with me as this fantastic puzzle that would unlock so many possibilities. You know, the structure of proteins, everything in life depends on proteins. and we need to understand the structure so we know their function.

And it's always stuck with me as this fantastic puzzle that would unlock so many possibilities. You know, the structure of proteins, everything in life depends on proteins. and we need to understand the structure so we know their function.

And if we know the function, then we can understand what goes wrong in disease, and we can design drugs and molecules that will bind to the right part of the surface of the protein if you know the 3D structure. So it's a fascinating problem. It goes to all of the computational things we were discussing earlier as well.

And if we know the function, then we can understand what goes wrong in disease, and we can design drugs and molecules that will bind to the right part of the surface of the protein if you know the 3D structure. So it's a fascinating problem. It goes to all of the computational things we were discussing earlier as well.

And if we know the function, then we can understand what goes wrong in disease, and we can design drugs and molecules that will bind to the right part of the surface of the protein if you know the 3D structure. So it's a fascinating problem. It goes to all of the computational things we were discussing earlier as well.

Can you enumerate, can you see through this forest of possibilities, all these different ways a protein could fold? Some people estimate that Leventhal, very famously in the 1960s, estimated an average protein can fold in 10 to 300 possible ways. So how do you enumerate those astronomical possibilities? And yet it is possible with these learning systems. And that's what we did with AlphaFold.

Can you enumerate, can you see through this forest of possibilities, all these different ways a protein could fold? Some people estimate that Leventhal, very famously in the 1960s, estimated an average protein can fold in 10 to 300 possible ways. So how do you enumerate those astronomical possibilities? And yet it is possible with these learning systems. And that's what we did with AlphaFold.

Can you enumerate, can you see through this forest of possibilities, all these different ways a protein could fold? Some people estimate that Leventhal, very famously in the 1960s, estimated an average protein can fold in 10 to 300 possible ways. So how do you enumerate those astronomical possibilities? And yet it is possible with these learning systems. And that's what we did with AlphaFold.

And then we spun out a company, Isomorphic, and I know Reid's very interested in this area too, with his new company of like, if we can... reduce the time it takes to discover a protein structure from, it used to take a PhD student their entire PhD as a rule of thumb to discover one protein structure. So four or five years. And there's 200 million proteins known to science.

And then we spun out a company, Isomorphic, and I know Reid's very interested in this area too, with his new company of like, if we can... reduce the time it takes to discover a protein structure from, it used to take a PhD student their entire PhD as a rule of thumb to discover one protein structure. So four or five years. And there's 200 million proteins known to science.

And then we spun out a company, Isomorphic, and I know Reid's very interested in this area too, with his new company of like, if we can... reduce the time it takes to discover a protein structure from, it used to take a PhD student their entire PhD as a rule of thumb to discover one protein structure. So four or five years. And there's 200 million proteins known to science.

And we folded them all in one year. So we did a billion years of PhD time in one year is another way you can think of it. And then gave it to the world freely to use. And 2 million researchers around the world have used it. And we spun out a new company, Isomorphic, to try and go further downstream now and develop the drugs needed and try and reduce that time.

And we folded them all in one year. So we did a billion years of PhD time in one year is another way you can think of it. And then gave it to the world freely to use. And 2 million researchers around the world have used it. And we spun out a new company, Isomorphic, to try and go further downstream now and develop the drugs needed and try and reduce that time.

And we folded them all in one year. So we did a billion years of PhD time in one year is another way you can think of it. And then gave it to the world freely to use. And 2 million researchers around the world have used it. And we spun out a new company, Isomorphic, to try and go further downstream now and develop the drugs needed and try and reduce that time.

There's lots of movies that I've watched that have been super inspiring for me. Things like, even like Blade Runner is probably my favorite sci-fi movie. But maybe it's not that optimistic. So if you want an optimistic thing, I would say the Culture series by Ian Banks.

There's lots of movies that I've watched that have been super inspiring for me. Things like, even like Blade Runner is probably my favorite sci-fi movie. But maybe it's not that optimistic. So if you want an optimistic thing, I would say the Culture series by Ian Banks.

There's lots of movies that I've watched that have been super inspiring for me. Things like, even like Blade Runner is probably my favorite sci-fi movie. But maybe it's not that optimistic. So if you want an optimistic thing, I would say the Culture series by Ian Banks.

I think that's the best depiction of a post-AGI universe where you've basically got societies of AIs and humans and kind of alien species actually, and sort of maximum human flourishing across the galaxy. That's a kind of amazing, compelling future that I would hope for humanity.