Dominic D'Agostino

So if you rapidly increase ketones two millimolar, and if you stay under two millimolar, then you don't get the spiking in insulin.

But if you consume it

and you get above 1.5 to 2 millimolar, at least in me and a few other people that did this, then you see this counter-regulatory dump in insulin.

And that would also explain when people drink a large dose of ketone ester, their glucose levels go down.

And it's a bit of a scary situation because I know people have gotten themselves into the situations that when you drink the ketone ester about two hours later or thereabouts, you can be hypoglycemic and also hypoketotic, which means your ketones come up, you utilize them as fuel,

But you've released insulin, and that caused peripheral glucose disposal.

And then you get into a point where you're running, for example, and then you tank.

And you could trigger a headache, as it does with me, if you take a large dose.

So there's ways around that.

But you're saying the salt...

produces that effect much less?

The salt does not produce that effect at all for a number of different reasons.

I think the rate of rise of ketones in the bloodstream seem to be the predictor of if you're going to release insulin for one thing.

And then there's something about the electrolytes too that maybe delays gastric absorption.

And with the salts, you're just not getting that elevation of ketones that's as high and as rapid as you would get with a ketone ester.

Yeah, total about one gram, like sodium, then calcium, magnesium, potassium.

So there's different formulations.

The packets are a little bit smaller, about the size of Element now.

You're getting about 6 to 10 grams of pure beta-hydroxybutyrate minus the electrolytes.

So a lot of people that say, you're getting this amount of ketones, that also includes the electrolytes.