Donald Robertson

I think the other difficulty I wanted to mention to you in terms of this idea of getting information from experts and becoming kind of passive rather than depending on our own reason, there's another piece of research that's very influential in state-of-the-art, like modern behavioral psychology, which shows there's a problem with something called role-governed behavior.

I think the other difficulty I wanted to mention to you in terms of this idea of getting information from experts and becoming kind of passive rather than depending on our own reason, there's another piece of research that's very influential in state-of-the-art, like modern behavioral psychology, which shows there's a problem with something called role-governed behavior.

I think the other difficulty I wanted to mention to you in terms of this idea of getting information from experts and becoming kind of passive rather than depending on our own reason, there's another piece of research that's very influential in state-of-the-art, like modern behavioral psychology, which shows there's a problem with something called role-governed behavior.

so if you get two groups of participants in a study and you teach them how to solve some you give them you give them a puzzle they have to solve like pressing three buttons in a particular order or whatever and if they get it right they get reward if they get it wrong like maybe you know they get some punishment a buzzer goes off or something like that they lose points or whatever right and in one group

so if you get two groups of participants in a study and you teach them how to solve some you give them you give them a puzzle they have to solve like pressing three buttons in a particular order or whatever and if they get it right they get reward if they get it wrong like maybe you know they get some punishment a buzzer goes off or something like that they lose points or whatever right and in one group

so if you get two groups of participants in a study and you teach them how to solve some you give them you give them a puzzle they have to solve like pressing three buttons in a particular order or whatever and if they get it right they get reward if they get it wrong like maybe you know they get some punishment a buzzer goes off or something like that they lose points or whatever right and in one group

You just give them oral or written instructions that say this is how you solve the puzzle. The other group, they have to figure it out through trial and error, right? This is phase one of the experiment. In phase two, so they do it repeatedly. In phase two, the rules that govern the success change without telling them, right? So they have to adapt, basically.

You just give them oral or written instructions that say this is how you solve the puzzle. The other group, they have to figure it out through trial and error, right? This is phase one of the experiment. In phase two, so they do it repeatedly. In phase two, the rules that govern the success change without telling them, right? So they have to adapt, basically.

You just give them oral or written instructions that say this is how you solve the puzzle. The other group, they have to figure it out through trial and error, right? This is phase one of the experiment. In phase two, so they do it repeatedly. In phase two, the rules that govern the success change without telling them, right? So they have to adapt, basically.

You create a circumstance where they have to adapt. One group had been verbally given the rule or solution. The other group had to figure it out through trial and error. The group that have learned the rule verbally will keep trying it even though it's not working. Whereas the group that had to figure it out themselves will adapt much more quickly.

You create a circumstance where they have to adapt. One group had been verbally given the rule or solution. The other group had to figure it out through trial and error. The group that have learned the rule verbally will keep trying it even though it's not working. Whereas the group that had to figure it out themselves will adapt much more quickly.

You create a circumstance where they have to adapt. One group had been verbally given the rule or solution. The other group had to figure it out through trial and error. The group that have learned the rule verbally will keep trying it even though it's not working. Whereas the group that had to figure it out themselves will adapt much more quickly.

So we call this insensitivity to environmental change, right? And the reason it's really important is that's exactly what people who come for psychotherapy are doing.

So we call this insensitivity to environmental change, right? And the reason it's really important is that's exactly what people who come for psychotherapy are doing.

So we call this insensitivity to environmental change, right? And the reason it's really important is that's exactly what people who come for psychotherapy are doing.

they're usually using some strategy that's not working and so the puzzle is why do they keep doing it when it's clearly not like why do they keep yelling at their partners when and when they keep and they keep their relationships keep breaking up as a result surely like after a while they'd kind of figure out this isn't working out for me and they'd start to adapt and change so what is causing the rigidity in their behavior and

they're usually using some strategy that's not working and so the puzzle is why do they keep doing it when it's clearly not like why do they keep yelling at their partners when and when they keep and they keep their relationships keep breaking up as a result surely like after a while they'd kind of figure out this isn't working out for me and they'd start to adapt and change so what is causing the rigidity in their behavior and

they're usually using some strategy that's not working and so the puzzle is why do they keep doing it when it's clearly not like why do they keep yelling at their partners when and when they keep and they keep their relationships keep breaking up as a result surely like after a while they'd kind of figure out this isn't working out for me and they'd start to adapt and change so what is causing the rigidity in their behavior and

And one of the explanations is that when we learn a rule from other people passively, or sometimes even if we get it from a book or something like that, there's a tendency, an established tendency, to overextend it and apply it too rigidly. And that can cause problems.

And one of the explanations is that when we learn a rule from other people passively, or sometimes even if we get it from a book or something like that, there's a tendency, an established tendency, to overextend it and apply it too rigidly. And that can cause problems.