Dr. Abraham Morgentaler

One of the things that the orals have transformed is the concept that you have to have a continually high level of testosterone to get the benefits. And clearly that's not true. And the safety seems to be improved, the safety profile, by having levels that fluctuate some during the day, returning close to or even to baseline.

So for example, many of the risks of testosterone that we used to talk about probably aren't accurate anymore. We had the Traverse trial, the biggest randomized control trial ever. that I think disproved the idea that cardiovascular risks were increased with testosterone. They were not paired to placebo.

So for example, many of the risks of testosterone that we used to talk about probably aren't accurate anymore. We had the Traverse trial, the biggest randomized control trial ever. that I think disproved the idea that cardiovascular risks were increased with testosterone. They were not paired to placebo.

So for example, many of the risks of testosterone that we used to talk about probably aren't accurate anymore. We had the Traverse trial, the biggest randomized control trial ever. that I think disproved the idea that cardiovascular risks were increased with testosterone. They were not paired to placebo.

You know, Jose, it's actually, it's an amazing story. So I finished my training in 1988 and joined the faculty at one of the Harvard teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Hospital. Now it's called Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. And at that time, It's hard to imagine, but people were so scared of testosterone.

You know, Jose, it's actually, it's an amazing story. So I finished my training in 1988 and joined the faculty at one of the Harvard teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Hospital. Now it's called Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. And at that time, It's hard to imagine, but people were so scared of testosterone.

You know, Jose, it's actually, it's an amazing story. So I finished my training in 1988 and joined the faculty at one of the Harvard teaching hospitals, Beth Israel Hospital. Now it's called Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. And at that time, It's hard to imagine, but people were so scared of testosterone.

They believed testosterone would cause prostate cancer almost in everybody if you raise testosterone. So what that meant was that there was no testosterone therapy being used in the United States except for the rarest of cases. Young men who didn't go through puberty because they had pituitary problems or hypothalamic issues or they'd lost both testicles or some genetic issues like Kleinfelter's.

They believed testosterone would cause prostate cancer almost in everybody if you raise testosterone. So what that meant was that there was no testosterone therapy being used in the United States except for the rarest of cases. Young men who didn't go through puberty because they had pituitary problems or hypothalamic issues or they'd lost both testicles or some genetic issues like Kleinfelter's.

They believed testosterone would cause prostate cancer almost in everybody if you raise testosterone. So what that meant was that there was no testosterone therapy being used in the United States except for the rarest of cases. Young men who didn't go through puberty because they had pituitary problems or hypothalamic issues or they'd lost both testicles or some genetic issues like Kleinfelter's.

And it was understood that those men needed testosterone in order to complete puberty and become virilized. And some men who had completed puberty but had some of those other issues I mentioned too, but those were the severe cases. And they only got testosterone until they hit around age 40, 45.

And it was understood that those men needed testosterone in order to complete puberty and become virilized. And some men who had completed puberty but had some of those other issues I mentioned too, but those were the severe cases. And they only got testosterone until they hit around age 40, 45.

And it was understood that those men needed testosterone in order to complete puberty and become virilized. And some men who had completed puberty but had some of those other issues I mentioned too, but those were the severe cases. And they only got testosterone until they hit around age 40, 45.

Because they were entering the prostate years and people were afraid that testosterone would cause cancer. And the belief that that was so was stronger than the idea that smoking would cause lung cancer. Like that would pale in comparison. And today it's, in looking back, it's not that long ago, right? It's like 30 years, 35 years. You know, today it's laughable.

Because they were entering the prostate years and people were afraid that testosterone would cause cancer. And the belief that that was so was stronger than the idea that smoking would cause lung cancer. Like that would pale in comparison. And today it's, in looking back, it's not that long ago, right? It's like 30 years, 35 years. You know, today it's laughable.

Because they were entering the prostate years and people were afraid that testosterone would cause cancer. And the belief that that was so was stronger than the idea that smoking would cause lung cancer. Like that would pale in comparison. And today it's, in looking back, it's not that long ago, right? It's like 30 years, 35 years. You know, today it's laughable.

But part of the, because everybody, well, not everybody, there's a lot of millions of men on testosterone. And we now have a lot of data that shows that it doesn't increase the risk of prostate cancer. And part of the reason that that belief persisted so long, testosterone came out in the 1930s.

But part of the, because everybody, well, not everybody, there's a lot of millions of men on testosterone. And we now have a lot of data that shows that it doesn't increase the risk of prostate cancer. And part of the reason that that belief persisted so long, testosterone came out in the 1930s.

But part of the, because everybody, well, not everybody, there's a lot of millions of men on testosterone. And we now have a lot of data that shows that it doesn't increase the risk of prostate cancer. And part of the reason that that belief persisted so long, testosterone came out in the 1930s.

And in 1941, Charles Huggins, who went on to win the Nobel Prize, figured out the first treatment, first effective treatment for men with metastatic or advanced prostate cancer, which was castration or what we might call today androgen deprivation. And he deserved his Nobel Prize. Because that was the first time anybody had shown that any cancer could be hormone sensitive.