Dr. Alexander Wissner-Gross

If you think back to circa 2000 or 2001, so about a quarter of a century ago, the U.S.

Congress was sold on the National Nanotechnology Initiative on the premise that we'd have medical nanorobots

swimming through our bloodstream zapping cancer cells and yet we find ourselves quarter of a century later where as you say Peter cancer is well on its way to being solved without the medical nanorobots we didn't need the medical robots at all this is being done by basically retraining or retargeting our body's own immune systems and I I think that does raise or flag the question

What will, if anything, we need the medical nanorobots that Eric Drexler and others promised us?

What, if anything, will we need those for?

Or is it just a matter of reeducating our own existing biology to do more intelligent things without needing any robots in our bodies at all?

Alex, comments on this one?

I do think evolution in battery energy chemistry is really interesting.

So the historic trend, if we put aside iron air for the moment and just focus on the bleeding edge chemistries, I think the statistic is something like a pretty sustained 8% year-over-year increase per constant dollar in battery energy densities for the bleeding edge chemistries.

So in some sense, not in some sense, in a very real sense, there is a Moore's law for increasing the energy densities, while at the same time, we're seeing new chemistries or newish chemistries like iron-air that are radically reducing the cost for certain applications.

Iron-air

isn't for every application.

It seems unlikely we're going to see it get used, for example, for EVs anytime soon.

Probably someone in the industry is experimenting with it.

But I think we're starting to see, judging from the explosion initially in lithium ion and then exploding to a number of other form factors,

different chemistries for different applications and different applications demand different prices as well.

In some cases, when you're powering data centers, you care about the volume of storage and you care about the price.

In other cases, you care about the mass and mobility.

And those are cases where lithium ion, lithium polymer probably still has an edge over iron air.

Overall, I think this is very positive.