Dr. Andrea Apolo

I think we're learning. I think that's a great concern to have. In this study so far, they did not report any issues with surgical outcomes or even post-surgical outcomes.

Yeah, and I think we need to understand that when the patients are getting combination therapy, the urologist and the medical oncologist need to stay really close in communications with labs because immune-related adverse events can occur at any time and often occur a little bit later. So could they occur postoperatively immediately? Of course they could.

Yeah, and I think we need to understand that when the patients are getting combination therapy, the urologist and the medical oncologist need to stay really close in communications with labs because immune-related adverse events can occur at any time and often occur a little bit later. So could they occur postoperatively immediately? Of course they could.

Yeah, and I think we need to understand that when the patients are getting combination therapy, the urologist and the medical oncologist need to stay really close in communications with labs because immune-related adverse events can occur at any time and often occur a little bit later. So could they occur postoperatively immediately? Of course they could.

So we don't have yet the details and the granularity of those kind of adverse events that occurred in this study, but I think that they will occur and it's important for the urologist and the medical oncologist to stay closely connected in this perioperative setting.

So we don't have yet the details and the granularity of those kind of adverse events that occurred in this study, but I think that they will occur and it's important for the urologist and the medical oncologist to stay closely connected in this perioperative setting.

So we don't have yet the details and the granularity of those kind of adverse events that occurred in this study, but I think that they will occur and it's important for the urologist and the medical oncologist to stay closely connected in this perioperative setting.

So patients with variant histology often are not included in trials. So I do love the fact that they did include patients with variant histology in this study. And I treat these patients as I would regular urothelial carcinoma, unless there's a small cell component in it or a neuroendocrine, a high-grade neuroendocrine component. Then I treat them as more like a lung component.

So patients with variant histology often are not included in trials. So I do love the fact that they did include patients with variant histology in this study. And I treat these patients as I would regular urothelial carcinoma, unless there's a small cell component in it or a neuroendocrine, a high-grade neuroendocrine component. Then I treat them as more like a lung component.

So patients with variant histology often are not included in trials. So I do love the fact that they did include patients with variant histology in this study. And I treat these patients as I would regular urothelial carcinoma, unless there's a small cell component in it or a neuroendocrine, a high-grade neuroendocrine component. Then I treat them as more like a lung component.

small cell cancer with that kind of paradigm in terms of the systemic therapies that I use. But in general, patients with variant histologies, I treat them as urothelial carcinoma until we have prospective data showing that another regimen or something different would be better for these patients.

small cell cancer with that kind of paradigm in terms of the systemic therapies that I use. But in general, patients with variant histologies, I treat them as urothelial carcinoma until we have prospective data showing that another regimen or something different would be better for these patients.

small cell cancer with that kind of paradigm in terms of the systemic therapies that I use. But in general, patients with variant histologies, I treat them as urothelial carcinoma until we have prospective data showing that another regimen or something different would be better for these patients.

Those are the patients that I get super nervous about because although they do respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy, they respond well to checkpoint inhibitors. They do have a higher rate of positive margins. They have a higher rate of recurrence. And I don't know how to better manage them with the therapies that we have right now without prospectively testing them.

Those are the patients that I get super nervous about because although they do respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy, they respond well to checkpoint inhibitors. They do have a higher rate of positive margins. They have a higher rate of recurrence. And I don't know how to better manage them with the therapies that we have right now without prospectively testing them.

Those are the patients that I get super nervous about because although they do respond well to platinum-based chemotherapy, they respond well to checkpoint inhibitors. They do have a higher rate of positive margins. They have a higher rate of recurrence. And I don't know how to better manage them with the therapies that we have right now without prospectively testing them.

But I feel like those patients... do need close surveillance and may benefit from more aggressive therapy, but I don't know what that more aggressive therapy is. I do think that they need systemic therapy. So I think going straight to surgery is not the answer.

But I feel like those patients... do need close surveillance and may benefit from more aggressive therapy, but I don't know what that more aggressive therapy is. I do think that they need systemic therapy. So I think going straight to surgery is not the answer.

But I feel like those patients... do need close surveillance and may benefit from more aggressive therapy, but I don't know what that more aggressive therapy is. I do think that they need systemic therapy. So I think going straight to surgery is not the answer.

I think they need more systemic therapy probably than other patients, but how to intensify that systemic therapy, I think we need to learn that. We don't know yet.