Dr. Céline Gounder

And then based on what I learned from that, I'm going to create another experiment and repeat and repeat and repeat. And that means you are going to build your understanding knowledge over time in an incremental way. That's just how science works. You're not going to be able to jump from this is what I think, and here's the thing that proves it. It just doesn't work that way.

And then based on what I learned from that, I'm going to create another experiment and repeat and repeat and repeat. And that means you are going to build your understanding knowledge over time in an incremental way. That's just how science works. You're not going to be able to jump from this is what I think, and here's the thing that proves it. It just doesn't work that way.

I think most people find that approach to be very counterintuitive. It's not the way we normally think. Normally, we think in what I would call a more lawyerly way, which is to say, we already start with this is the conclusion that we want to back up, and then we try to find things to support that.

I think most people find that approach to be very counterintuitive. It's not the way we normally think. Normally, we think in what I would call a more lawyerly way, which is to say, we already start with this is the conclusion that we want to back up, and then we try to find things to support that.

And that really does also lead to things like cherry picking and confirmation bias and looking for things that will back up what you already believe.

And that really does also lead to things like cherry picking and confirmation bias and looking for things that will back up what you already believe.

I think, yeah, I think that's a great way to put it. Yeah.

I think, yeah, I think that's a great way to put it. Yeah.

Well, I think also to be aware of what your pre-existing biases and opinions might be. So to ask them, well, you know, what matters to you? Let's say another pandemic breaks out tomorrow. What would be your number one, two, and three concerns and why? What was your experience of the COVID pandemic?

Well, I think also to be aware of what your pre-existing biases and opinions might be. So to ask them, well, you know, what matters to you? Let's say another pandemic breaks out tomorrow. What would be your number one, two, and three concerns and why? What was your experience of the COVID pandemic?

And I think starting with that kind of understanding and being aware of why you might already have certain opinions and then also just explaining, you know, what is the scientific process, I think are two different ways to go about this.

And I think starting with that kind of understanding and being aware of why you might already have certain opinions and then also just explaining, you know, what is the scientific process, I think are two different ways to go about this.

There are many agencies within HHS, but I'll focus just on three. The three big ones are NIH, which does biomedical research, the CDC, which is the nation's public health, well, main public health agency. And then you have the FDA, which is in charge of food and drug safety, most food. You have certain things that fall under the USDA. So why does the NIH matter?

There are many agencies within HHS, but I'll focus just on three. The three big ones are NIH, which does biomedical research, the CDC, which is the nation's public health, well, main public health agency. And then you have the FDA, which is in charge of food and drug safety, most food. You have certain things that fall under the USDA. So why does the NIH matter?

NIH is the world's biomedical institution and funder. And a lot of that research actually happens outside of NIH. Some 80-plus percent of the research is actually outside of NIH itself. It's awarded to researchers at academic medical institutions and other institutions to do that research.

NIH is the world's biomedical institution and funder. And a lot of that research actually happens outside of NIH. Some 80-plus percent of the research is actually outside of NIH itself. It's awarded to researchers at academic medical institutions and other institutions to do that research.

And it's a way of really getting a diversity in the kinds of questions being asked, the places where they're being studied. But we have created a system of funding for research where government funds the earlier research, the basic research, And then we leave it to industry to take that research and to turn it into drugs and vaccines and diagnostics and other products.

And it's a way of really getting a diversity in the kinds of questions being asked, the places where they're being studied. But we have created a system of funding for research where government funds the earlier research, the basic research, And then we leave it to industry to take that research and to turn it into drugs and vaccines and diagnostics and other products.

And I think what's unfortunately happened is we as taxpayers fund what the NIH is doing. But if you don't have the pharmaceutical companies, device makers, et cetera, who use that science and then translate that into affordable, accessible products for the population, the general public may not benefit from those investments.

And I think what's unfortunately happened is we as taxpayers fund what the NIH is doing. But if you don't have the pharmaceutical companies, device makers, et cetera, who use that science and then translate that into affordable, accessible products for the population, the general public may not benefit from those investments.