Dr. Darren Candow

phenomenal bone mineral density and muscle mass there.

So there's a lot of potential there.

It's not overwhelmingly convincing, I think, because bone takes a long time to turn over.

But this is interesting.

The lowest dose ever been shown to be effective is eight grams of monohydrate a day.

Now, as we just talked about, three to five grams is great for muscle, but now you're getting into bone.

What needs to happen is a dosing study.

Could five grams over maybe two years be equivalent to eight grams over two years or even higher?

That is very expensive to do, but it's been in the back of my mind.

I would just speculate that five grams over time will still benefit your skeleton, but

But you need such a large sample size to get these small effects either from a DEXA or CT scan.

And that's probably why we haven't seen it yet.

But in all our clinical trials, eight grams.

But the Brazilian group have looked at one to three grams for two straight years and not a single improvement.

So weight training is there.

And I think that's the big driver for many of the muscle bone perspectives.

I would be very surprised.

I think you need that mechanical loading from weight training or weight-bearing exercise, plyometrics, that cause the bone to turn over.

And then maybe creatine doesn't increase the resorptive or it increases osteoblasts a little bit more.

The cool thing with osteoblasts, it releases the cytokine called osteoprotegerum, which acts as a decoy.