Dr. David Gwynn

It helped, of course, that North Africa wasn't being greatly disrupted.

It helped, of course, that North Africa wasn't being greatly disrupted.

It helped, of course, that North Africa wasn't being greatly disrupted.

And particularly documents his own support methods, because... If we're thinking of this as a great period of dislocation, well, it's interesting that Kyprian can write letters to everywhere in the Mediterranean. So it's not actually destroying the communication network. Kyprian can write to Spain, to Gaul, to Alexandria, to Antioch.

And particularly documents his own support methods, because... If we're thinking of this as a great period of dislocation, well, it's interesting that Kyprian can write letters to everywhere in the Mediterranean. So it's not actually destroying the communication network. Kyprian can write to Spain, to Gaul, to Alexandria, to Antioch.

And particularly documents his own support methods, because... If we're thinking of this as a great period of dislocation, well, it's interesting that Kyprian can write letters to everywhere in the Mediterranean. So it's not actually destroying the communication network. Kyprian can write to Spain, to Gaul, to Alexandria, to Antioch.

It's an economic crash for the imperial structure. This is where I think you'd get a lot of different answers from different scholars here. Because if we're focusing on the imperial structure, so the tax system, which relies on a stable coinage, it's collapsing. Buying things based on coins, well, debasement means inflation. If coins are worthless, you need more coins to pay for them.

It's an economic crash for the imperial structure. This is where I think you'd get a lot of different answers from different scholars here. Because if we're focusing on the imperial structure, so the tax system, which relies on a stable coinage, it's collapsing. Buying things based on coins, well, debasement means inflation. If coins are worthless, you need more coins to pay for them.

It's an economic crash for the imperial structure. This is where I think you'd get a lot of different answers from different scholars here. Because if we're focusing on the imperial structure, so the tax system, which relies on a stable coinage, it's collapsing. Buying things based on coins, well, debasement means inflation. If coins are worthless, you need more coins to pay for them.

So inflation is going to be a major problem. But a lot of the Roman Empire is still an agricultural world where people are largely living by subsistence agriculture. Now, as long as an army doesn't march over your fields, you can carry on doing that. So what seems to be really crashing is the empire-wide economic structures that allowed for a higher standard of living.

So inflation is going to be a major problem. But a lot of the Roman Empire is still an agricultural world where people are largely living by subsistence agriculture. Now, as long as an army doesn't march over your fields, you can carry on doing that. So what seems to be really crashing is the empire-wide economic structures that allowed for a higher standard of living.

So inflation is going to be a major problem. But a lot of the Roman Empire is still an agricultural world where people are largely living by subsistence agriculture. Now, as long as an army doesn't march over your fields, you can carry on doing that. So what seems to be really crashing is the empire-wide economic structures that allowed for a higher standard of living.

Without a good coinage system, trade becomes problematic. The Silk Road is in a state of current flux, not least because the Sasanian Persians are still trying to work out exactly how best to profit from that famous great trade route that heads out all the way to China. And the Red Sea as well, the connection with India, does that continue?

Without a good coinage system, trade becomes problematic. The Silk Road is in a state of current flux, not least because the Sasanian Persians are still trying to work out exactly how best to profit from that famous great trade route that heads out all the way to China. And the Red Sea as well, the connection with India, does that continue?

Without a good coinage system, trade becomes problematic. The Silk Road is in a state of current flux, not least because the Sasanian Persians are still trying to work out exactly how best to profit from that famous great trade route that heads out all the way to China. And the Red Sea as well, the connection with India, does that continue?

And the naval routes, so the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf routes are still trading. But the main thing that the Romans sent east was actually gold and silver coinage, because they didn't have the spices, the silk. And if you don't have that coinage, So that kind of luxury trade is going to diminish.

And the naval routes, so the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf routes are still trading. But the main thing that the Romans sent east was actually gold and silver coinage, because they didn't have the spices, the silk. And if you don't have that coinage, So that kind of luxury trade is going to diminish.

And the naval routes, so the Red Sea and the Persian Gulf routes are still trading. But the main thing that the Romans sent east was actually gold and silver coinage, because they didn't have the spices, the silk. And if you don't have that coinage, So that kind of luxury trade is going to diminish.

But what's likely to happen in, say, an Egyptian village is now you're just going to revert to a barter economy. Was ist die Wertschätzung zwischen einem Schaf und einem Vogel? Wie viel Futter gibt es für diese Pfanne? Und die meisten der romänischen Empire können auf diesem lokalisierten Niveau überleben. Es ist also nicht so, dass es einen kolossalen Verlust in den Lebensstandards gibt.

But what's likely to happen in, say, an Egyptian village is now you're just going to revert to a barter economy. Was ist die Wertschätzung zwischen einem Schaf und einem Vogel? Wie viel Futter gibt es für diese Pfanne? Und die meisten der romänischen Empire können auf diesem lokalisierten Niveau überleben. Es ist also nicht so, dass es einen kolossalen Verlust in den Lebensstandards gibt.