Dr. Francis McIntosh

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763 appearances 1 recordings 1 series first heard Jan 2026 last heard 15 Jan

Dr. Francis McIntosh’s voice in public audio — every appearance, attributed to the second.

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Recordings per month over the last 12 months — 1 in all, peaking in Jan 2026 with 1.

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The Ancients · How to Survive on Hadrian’s Wall · 15 Jan 2026 podcast

I've got a friend who's Polish and she said, we keep some traditions that aren't happening now at home, but because that's what I had when I grew up in Poland.

And I think that's how we should look at these people who've moved to Hadrian's Wall.

They might spend their entire career and their whole life at Hadrian's Wall.

And they're going to cling on to the traditions that mean something to them and then pass that on to their generation.

So at Halsteads and at Bird Allswood, where we know the Frisian units were found, we have very specific pottery that is only then found back in Frisia.

Yeah.

Vivian Swan did some really interesting work on North African pottery and this casserole dish that is only found in North Africa.

And that's because they're potentially continuing to cook in the way that they're used to.

So, if we're into the second century, the family are not living with the soldier.

Okay.

You are not legally allowed to marry at that point.

It's not until...

I can't remember.

There's one date where they... The Septimius Severus time, isn't it?

Yes.

One decree gives them the right to citizenship, doesn't it, for everybody, and one is the legal... Oh, the Edict of Caracalla, that's the citizenship one.

There you go, yeah.

Septimius Severus says you can legally marry.

They were definitely all married because we see diplomas that they get when they've, you know, retired from 25 years and they've got wives and children named.

But...

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