Dr. Graham Wrightson

And he goes down and fights and loses to start with. So he calls for assistance. And Craterus is the closest. So he comes with Neoptolemus, another general, and Leonartus, and they go and they fight. Leonartus already, it seems, is aiming at kingship himself because he's put feelers out to marry Alexander's sister, who becomes a key...

And he goes down and fights and loses to start with. So he calls for assistance. And Craterus is the closest. So he comes with Neoptolemus, another general, and Leonartus, and they go and they fight. Leonartus already, it seems, is aiming at kingship himself because he's put feelers out to marry Alexander's sister, who becomes a key...

figure in these early successor squabbles who gets to marry Cleopatra Alexander's sister because that's the closest you can get to the royal family right as a man you can't marry the sons right so you've got to marry the sisters and Alexander doesn't have a daughter he dies in battle against the Greeks so that gets rid of one of these upstart generals

figure in these early successor squabbles who gets to marry Cleopatra Alexander's sister because that's the closest you can get to the royal family right as a man you can't marry the sons right so you've got to marry the sisters and Alexander doesn't have a daughter he dies in battle against the Greeks so that gets rid of one of these upstart generals

figure in these early successor squabbles who gets to marry Cleopatra Alexander's sister because that's the closest you can get to the royal family right as a man you can't marry the sons right so you've got to marry the sisters and Alexander doesn't have a daughter he dies in battle against the Greeks so that gets rid of one of these upstart generals

Yeah, exactly. So the Lamian War is this... It's a crucial event, not because the Greeks win their freedom, but because they win their first couple of engagements. And that changes the presentation and propaganda ability of the generals who are involved. So Antipater loses some face because he can't defeat the Greeks by himself. So he has to invite Craterus in for assistance.

Yeah, exactly. So the Lamian War is this... It's a crucial event, not because the Greeks win their freedom, but because they win their first couple of engagements. And that changes the presentation and propaganda ability of the generals who are involved. So Antipater loses some face because he can't defeat the Greeks by himself. So he has to invite Craterus in for assistance.

Yeah, exactly. So the Lamian War is this... It's a crucial event, not because the Greeks win their freedom, but because they win their first couple of engagements. And that changes the presentation and propaganda ability of the generals who are involved. So Antipater loses some face because he can't defeat the Greeks by himself. So he has to invite Craterus in for assistance.

and leonardus dies obviously so that doesn't help but craterus wins the battle wins the war but he has to call in help from white clitus who brings the navy another name right yeah and he was a battalion commander who arrives late there's two clituses the black clitus is the one killed by alexander white clitus survives so he wins the lamian war on the navy craterus wins on land and they subdue athens in the name of antipater who's still nominally in charge

and leonardus dies obviously so that doesn't help but craterus wins the battle wins the war but he has to call in help from white clitus who brings the navy another name right yeah and he was a battalion commander who arrives late there's two clituses the black clitus is the one killed by alexander white clitus survives so he wins the lamian war on the navy craterus wins on land and they subdue athens in the name of antipater who's still nominally in charge

and leonardus dies obviously so that doesn't help but craterus wins the battle wins the war but he has to call in help from white clitus who brings the navy another name right yeah and he was a battalion commander who arrives late there's two clituses the black clitus is the one killed by alexander white clitus survives so he wins the lamian war on the navy craterus wins on land and they subdue athens in the name of antipater who's still nominally in charge

Yeah, so we have five main sources for Alexander himself. So we have Arian, Plutarch's Life of Alexander that's paired with Julius Caesar, Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curcius Rufus, and then there's Justin's summary of the history of Pompeius Trogus. But all five historians are Romans, and they might be writing in Greek, some of them for a Greco-Roman audience, and

Yeah, so we have five main sources for Alexander himself. So we have Arian, Plutarch's Life of Alexander that's paired with Julius Caesar, Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curcius Rufus, and then there's Justin's summary of the history of Pompeius Trogus. But all five historians are Romans, and they might be writing in Greek, some of them for a Greco-Roman audience, and

Yeah, so we have five main sources for Alexander himself. So we have Arian, Plutarch's Life of Alexander that's paired with Julius Caesar, Diodorus Siculus, Quintus Curcius Rufus, and then there's Justin's summary of the history of Pompeius Trogus. But all five historians are Romans, and they might be writing in Greek, some of them for a Greco-Roman audience, and

But they're still primarily Romans writing after the Romans have taken over everything. And they're using contemporary sources of Alexander, but none of them are closer than 250 years after Alexander died. So for modern historians, for my students, when I teach them, this is hard for them to get their head around that, like they're reading primary sources of a period.

But they're still primarily Romans writing after the Romans have taken over everything. And they're using contemporary sources of Alexander, but none of them are closer than 250 years after Alexander died. So for modern historians, for my students, when I teach them, this is hard for them to get their head around that, like they're reading primary sources of a period.

But they're still primarily Romans writing after the Romans have taken over everything. And they're using contemporary sources of Alexander, but none of them are closer than 250 years after Alexander died. So for modern historians, for my students, when I teach them, this is hard for them to get their head around that, like they're reading primary sources of a period.

that is very distant from what they're writing about, right? It's like studying American history, I always say, when you have only modern sources talking about the American Revolution, that there's no contemporary documents from the event that created America. as the USA that is now, not surviving.

that is very distant from what they're writing about, right? It's like studying American history, I always say, when you have only modern sources talking about the American Revolution, that there's no contemporary documents from the event that created America. as the USA that is now, not surviving.

that is very distant from what they're writing about, right? It's like studying American history, I always say, when you have only modern sources talking about the American Revolution, that there's no contemporary documents from the event that created America. as the USA that is now, not surviving.