Dr. John Kruse

I'll just start out by saying that like most things in neuroscience and psychiatry, we have some definitions and we have lots of different thoughts and frameworks to approach things. So I'll start with our diagnostic category or how we diagnose ADHD. And that is there are 18 different symptoms. Nine of them are hyperactive impulsive. Nine of them are inattentive.

I'll just start out by saying that like most things in neuroscience and psychiatry, we have some definitions and we have lots of different thoughts and frameworks to approach things. So I'll start with our diagnostic category or how we diagnose ADHD. And that is there are 18 different symptoms. Nine of them are hyperactive impulsive. Nine of them are inattentive.

I'll just start out by saying that like most things in neuroscience and psychiatry, we have some definitions and we have lots of different thoughts and frameworks to approach things. So I'll start with our diagnostic category or how we diagnose ADHD. And that is there are 18 different symptoms. Nine of them are hyperactive impulsive. Nine of them are inattentive.

So the inattentive ones are things like forgetting to follow through on things, losing items, being easily distracted. The impulsive and hyperactive ones are cutting people off in conversations, blurting things out, running around, fidgeting. The definitions themselves were designed with a child

So the inattentive ones are things like forgetting to follow through on things, losing items, being easily distracted. The impulsive and hyperactive ones are cutting people off in conversations, blurting things out, running around, fidgeting. The definitions themselves were designed with a child

So the inattentive ones are things like forgetting to follow through on things, losing items, being easily distracted. The impulsive and hyperactive ones are cutting people off in conversations, blurting things out, running around, fidgeting. The definitions themselves were designed with a child

population in mind because until roughly the mid-90s, it was dogma that this was a neurodevelopmental disease of childhood and that every child who had it outgrew it. is dramatically wrong. Some kids do. Most kids don't. The latest work suggests that most adults fluctuate in time with the severity of their ADHD symptoms. So jumping back to the definition. So we have these 18 different symptoms.

population in mind because until roughly the mid-90s, it was dogma that this was a neurodevelopmental disease of childhood and that every child who had it outgrew it. is dramatically wrong. Some kids do. Most kids don't. The latest work suggests that most adults fluctuate in time with the severity of their ADHD symptoms. So jumping back to the definition. So we have these 18 different symptoms.

population in mind because until roughly the mid-90s, it was dogma that this was a neurodevelopmental disease of childhood and that every child who had it outgrew it. is dramatically wrong. Some kids do. Most kids don't. The latest work suggests that most adults fluctuate in time with the severity of their ADHD symptoms. So jumping back to the definition. So we have these 18 different symptoms.

As an adult, you need to have at least five of them. When we say have them, all of these are things that normal people can display at any time. So any of us might interrupt someone, might have trouble sitting, might have trouble attending to a task. But to meet the criteria, these have to be displayed

As an adult, you need to have at least five of them. When we say have them, all of these are things that normal people can display at any time. So any of us might interrupt someone, might have trouble sitting, might have trouble attending to a task. But to meet the criteria, these have to be displayed

As an adult, you need to have at least five of them. When we say have them, all of these are things that normal people can display at any time. So any of us might interrupt someone, might have trouble sitting, might have trouble attending to a task. But to meet the criteria, these have to be displayed

an excessive amount of time or to an excessive degree to the extent that they're causing some dysfunction or distress and that they have to be displayed in multiple realms of life. So if it's only at work that you have trouble completing your task, that might have something to do with your boss or an uncomfortable chair or something. So these have to be

an excessive amount of time or to an excessive degree to the extent that they're causing some dysfunction or distress and that they have to be displayed in multiple realms of life. So if it's only at work that you have trouble completing your task, that might have something to do with your boss or an uncomfortable chair or something. So these have to be

an excessive amount of time or to an excessive degree to the extent that they're causing some dysfunction or distress and that they have to be displayed in multiple realms of life. So if it's only at work that you have trouble completing your task, that might have something to do with your boss or an uncomfortable chair or something. So these have to be

traits that are displayed in multiple realms of life. They have to cause, again, distress or dysfunction. They have to be to an extent that's beyond what a normal person does. And what's strange is often ADHD has a stigma. It's not a real diagnosis, partly because There isn't some fancy word as pathognomonic, you know, some classic symptom that's characteristic exactly of that.

traits that are displayed in multiple realms of life. They have to cause, again, distress or dysfunction. They have to be to an extent that's beyond what a normal person does. And what's strange is often ADHD has a stigma. It's not a real diagnosis, partly because There isn't some fancy word as pathognomonic, you know, some classic symptom that's characteristic exactly of that.

traits that are displayed in multiple realms of life. They have to cause, again, distress or dysfunction. They have to be to an extent that's beyond what a normal person does. And what's strange is often ADHD has a stigma. It's not a real diagnosis, partly because There isn't some fancy word as pathognomonic, you know, some classic symptom that's characteristic exactly of that.

So with schizophrenia, we have hallucinations. Most people aren't having hallucinations. If you have those, you know, you might have schizophrenia or a drug effect, but that's unusual. Again, with ADHD, they're all usual behaviors. It's just to an unusual extent. So the diagnosis comes under a lot of stigma and questioning. Isn't this just normal behavior carried to a ridiculous extent?

So with schizophrenia, we have hallucinations. Most people aren't having hallucinations. If you have those, you know, you might have schizophrenia or a drug effect, but that's unusual. Again, with ADHD, they're all usual behaviors. It's just to an unusual extent. So the diagnosis comes under a lot of stigma and questioning. Isn't this just normal behavior carried to a ridiculous extent?