Dr. Karolina Westlund

Typically, feral dogs in the wild will form linear dominance hierarchies with regards to the access to resources. And that might shift depending on what the resource is. So it's not like it's written in stone or anything. So it's like fluid and variable, but there's still typically some sort of hierarchy when it comes to the priority of access to resources.

Typically, feral dogs in the wild will form linear dominance hierarchies with regards to the access to resources. And that might shift depending on what the resource is. So it's not like it's written in stone or anything. So it's like fluid and variable, but there's still typically some sort of hierarchy when it comes to the priority of access to resources.

Typically, feral dogs in the wild will form linear dominance hierarchies with regards to the access to resources. And that might shift depending on what the resource is. So it's not like it's written in stone or anything. So it's like fluid and variable, but there's still typically some sort of hierarchy when it comes to the priority of access to resources.

Then we have another social role, which is the role as a leader. And when I, as an ethologist, say leader, I mean the one that leads, that sort of walks first in line from one location to another. I like to take the example of elephants, that when they migrate, it's typically one of the old females, the matriarch, who leads the way. She's the leader, right?

Then we have another social role, which is the role as a leader. And when I, as an ethologist, say leader, I mean the one that leads, that sort of walks first in line from one location to another. I like to take the example of elephants, that when they migrate, it's typically one of the old females, the matriarch, who leads the way. She's the leader, right?

Then we have another social role, which is the role as a leader. And when I, as an ethologist, say leader, I mean the one that leads, that sort of walks first in line from one location to another. I like to take the example of elephants, that when they migrate, it's typically one of the old females, the matriarch, who leads the way. She's the leader, right?

So she'll help them find, she knows where to go essentially. And there's other social roles as well. There might be the controller who is the animal who tends to initiate a change in activity. So we see this in cows, for instance, that all the cows are standing up and they're grazing. And then one cow, the controller, lies down and everybody else lies down also. They start ruminating.

So she'll help them find, she knows where to go essentially. And there's other social roles as well. There might be the controller who is the animal who tends to initiate a change in activity. So we see this in cows, for instance, that all the cows are standing up and they're grazing. And then one cow, the controller, lies down and everybody else lies down also. They start ruminating.

So she'll help them find, she knows where to go essentially. And there's other social roles as well. There might be the controller who is the animal who tends to initiate a change in activity. So we see this in cows, for instance, that all the cows are standing up and they're grazing. And then one cow, the controller, lies down and everybody else lies down also. They start ruminating.

They will often synchronize their behavior, but they'll follow. It's not that one individual is sort of imposing on the others, but rather they do that and the others follow suit.

They will often synchronize their behavior, but they'll follow. It's not that one individual is sort of imposing on the others, but rather they do that and the others follow suit.

They will often synchronize their behavior, but they'll follow. It's not that one individual is sort of imposing on the others, but rather they do that and the others follow suit.

I think that we carry a lot of... And actually, we haven't mentioned this, I think, but I have very little practical experience about dogs, with dogs. I haven't lived with dogs, I haven't trained dogs, but many of my students train dogs and I help them. But that also means that I don't carry any of these...

I think that we carry a lot of... And actually, we haven't mentioned this, I think, but I have very little practical experience about dogs, with dogs. I haven't lived with dogs, I haven't trained dogs, but many of my students train dogs and I help them. But that also means that I don't carry any of these...

I think that we carry a lot of... And actually, we haven't mentioned this, I think, but I have very little practical experience about dogs, with dogs. I haven't lived with dogs, I haven't trained dogs, but many of my students train dogs and I help them. But that also means that I don't carry any of these...

sort of assumptions that you're supposed to have your dog behind you or beside you than if you don't. So, which means that I can look at that type of statement and go, really? Because I think that there's a lot of learning occurring, of course, that you teach the dog that if you stay at my side or behind me, then, you know, there won't be any unpleasantness.

sort of assumptions that you're supposed to have your dog behind you or beside you than if you don't. So, which means that I can look at that type of statement and go, really? Because I think that there's a lot of learning occurring, of course, that you teach the dog that if you stay at my side or behind me, then, you know, there won't be any unpleasantness.

sort of assumptions that you're supposed to have your dog behind you or beside you than if you don't. So, which means that I can look at that type of statement and go, really? Because I think that there's a lot of learning occurring, of course, that you teach the dog that if you stay at my side or behind me, then, you know, there won't be any unpleasantness.

But if you pull ahead, I'm going to yank you back. So there'll be an unpleasant...

But if you pull ahead, I'm going to yank you back. So there'll be an unpleasant...