Dr. Kevin MacDonald

Yes, there is no textual record referring to it. And indeed, even the word knock is almost by chance. It comes from the old archaeological custom of naming so-called cultures or traditions or what have you after the first site where they were discovered or defined. So it's not referring to a people or a language group or anything like that. It is purely an archaeological entity.

Yes, there is no textual record referring to it. And indeed, even the word knock is almost by chance. It comes from the old archaeological custom of naming so-called cultures or traditions or what have you after the first site where they were discovered or defined. So it's not referring to a people or a language group or anything like that. It is purely an archaeological entity.

Yes, there is no textual record referring to it. And indeed, even the word knock is almost by chance. It comes from the old archaeological custom of naming so-called cultures or traditions or what have you after the first site where they were discovered or defined. So it's not referring to a people or a language group or anything like that. It is purely an archaeological entity.

We're looking at central Nigeria in an area running north and south of the Joss Plateau. So one of the larger modern towns would be the capital, Abuja. So its radius is being continually redefined by archaeological work. But effectively, if you imagine Nigeria, it's directly in the middle of the modern country.

We're looking at central Nigeria in an area running north and south of the Joss Plateau. So one of the larger modern towns would be the capital, Abuja. So its radius is being continually redefined by archaeological work. But effectively, if you imagine Nigeria, it's directly in the middle of the modern country.

We're looking at central Nigeria in an area running north and south of the Joss Plateau. So one of the larger modern towns would be the capital, Abuja. So its radius is being continually redefined by archaeological work. But effectively, if you imagine Nigeria, it's directly in the middle of the modern country.

It used to be, when archaeologists were first working on it, that they're imagining something beginning around 500 BC and then running on for a few hundred years after that. As more work has gone on, particularly in the past 20 years, it's become evident that we're dealing with something which has a much longer duration, starting around 1500 BC.

It used to be, when archaeologists were first working on it, that they're imagining something beginning around 500 BC and then running on for a few hundred years after that. As more work has gone on, particularly in the past 20 years, it's become evident that we're dealing with something which has a much longer duration, starting around 1500 BC.

It used to be, when archaeologists were first working on it, that they're imagining something beginning around 500 BC and then running on for a few hundred years after that. As more work has gone on, particularly in the past 20 years, it's become evident that we're dealing with something which has a much longer duration, starting around 1500 BC.

and then continuing really on to maybe the first century AD.

and then continuing really on to maybe the first century AD.

and then continuing really on to maybe the first century AD.

The initial discoveries were these, of course, rather remarkable terracottas, which are associated with this archaeological entity. And they were first discovered in 1928 during opencast tin mining on the Joss Plateau.

The initial discoveries were these, of course, rather remarkable terracottas, which are associated with this archaeological entity. And they were first discovered in 1928 during opencast tin mining on the Joss Plateau.

The initial discoveries were these, of course, rather remarkable terracottas, which are associated with this archaeological entity. And they were first discovered in 1928 during opencast tin mining on the Joss Plateau.

There were frequent finds from tin mining, and this led to, at the beginning of the formation of the Nigerian Antiquities Service, them being summoned out to these sites to try and better understand the context of these statues, statuettes, figurines being found.

There were frequent finds from tin mining, and this led to, at the beginning of the formation of the Nigerian Antiquities Service, them being summoned out to these sites to try and better understand the context of these statues, statuettes, figurines being found.

There were frequent finds from tin mining, and this led to, at the beginning of the formation of the Nigerian Antiquities Service, them being summoned out to these sites to try and better understand the context of these statues, statuettes, figurines being found.

Yes. Again, thanks to this cooperative German-Nigerian program, which has been going on since I think around 2006 and then went on up until 2017, there was a great number of settlement sites found, so well over 100 sites now. But in the beginning, these were sort of isolated find spots.

Yes. Again, thanks to this cooperative German-Nigerian program, which has been going on since I think around 2006 and then went on up until 2017, there was a great number of settlement sites found, so well over 100 sites now. But in the beginning, these were sort of isolated find spots.