Dr. Layne Norton

We are going to make sure that these studies equated calories for the reasons we talk about. You got to compare apples to apples. Right. So a lot of studies will come out saying fasting produce more fat loss. Low carb, but then they didn't control calories and it's very likely these people just ate less.

We are going to make sure that these studies equated calories for the reasons we talk about. You got to compare apples to apples. Right. So a lot of studies will come out saying fasting produce more fat loss. Low carb, but then they didn't control calories and it's very likely these people just ate less.

We are going to make sure that these studies equated calories for the reasons we talk about. You got to compare apples to apples. Right. So a lot of studies will come out saying fasting produce more fat loss. Low carb, but then they didn't control calories and it's very likely these people just ate less.

So they controlled calories and they controlled protein, which is also important because protein changes the composition of weight loss. Protein has a thermic effect. Protein increases lean mass retention. So that can change how much fat you lose. And I think they also had a requirement of like a minimum of four weeks, right?

So they controlled calories and they controlled protein, which is also important because protein changes the composition of weight loss. Protein has a thermic effect. Protein increases lean mass retention. So that can change how much fat you lose. And I think they also had a requirement of like a minimum of four weeks, right?

So they controlled calories and they controlled protein, which is also important because protein changes the composition of weight loss. Protein has a thermic effect. Protein increases lean mass retention. So that can change how much fat you lose. And I think they also had a requirement of like a minimum of four weeks, right?

And the outcome was looking at changes in fat mass, not fat oxidation, not energy expenditure. It actually looked at the outcome that they cared about. And they They showed no difference, right? So I thought, well, that's a very well done meta-analysis because the inclusion criteria make a lot of sense for the question that they want to answer, which is not, is one diet easier to stick to?

And the outcome was looking at changes in fat mass, not fat oxidation, not energy expenditure. It actually looked at the outcome that they cared about. And they They showed no difference, right? So I thought, well, that's a very well done meta-analysis because the inclusion criteria make a lot of sense for the question that they want to answer, which is not, is one diet easier to stick to?

And the outcome was looking at changes in fat mass, not fat oxidation, not energy expenditure. It actually looked at the outcome that they cared about. And they They showed no difference, right? So I thought, well, that's a very well done meta-analysis because the inclusion criteria make a lot of sense for the question that they want to answer, which is not, is one diet easier to stick to?

Not, is it more practical? The question was mechanically important. do these diets produce differences when we're comparing apples to apples in actual fat loss? And the answer was no, right? And then when you look at the other meta-analyses that have been done, they tend to kind of support that, right?

Not, is it more practical? The question was mechanically important. do these diets produce differences when we're comparing apples to apples in actual fat loss? And the answer was no, right? And then when you look at the other meta-analyses that have been done, they tend to kind of support that, right?

Not, is it more practical? The question was mechanically important. do these diets produce differences when we're comparing apples to apples in actual fat loss? And the answer was no, right? And then when you look at the other meta-analyses that have been done, they tend to kind of support that, right?

So the first thing I'm going to look at is, all right, these meta-analyses tend to be looked at as kind of the highest form of evidence, right? Because you're compiling a bunch of different studies, which, listen, we know there are bad studies that get done. I think the amount of studies that get like just straight up faked is probably much lower than people think. One hopes.

So the first thing I'm going to look at is, all right, these meta-analyses tend to be looked at as kind of the highest form of evidence, right? Because you're compiling a bunch of different studies, which, listen, we know there are bad studies that get done. I think the amount of studies that get like just straight up faked is probably much lower than people think. One hopes.

So the first thing I'm going to look at is, all right, these meta-analyses tend to be looked at as kind of the highest form of evidence, right? Because you're compiling a bunch of different studies, which, listen, we know there are bad studies that get done. I think the amount of studies that get like just straight up faked is probably much lower than people think. One hopes.

I think that's probably pretty small. My experience is the same as you. I didn't see much of that or I never saw it observed.

I think that's probably pretty small. My experience is the same as you. I didn't see much of that or I never saw it observed.

I think that's probably pretty small. My experience is the same as you. I didn't see much of that or I never saw it observed.

Yeah, I think, you know, usually if I see a paper and the conclusion, like, just straight up, I go, oh, I don't know about that. When I go in and I read the methods and I read how they analyzed it and I read how they measured things, 99% of the time I walk away and go, okay, I'm not surprised they found what they found, right? Because, again...

Yeah, I think, you know, usually if I see a paper and the conclusion, like, just straight up, I go, oh, I don't know about that. When I go in and I read the methods and I read how they analyzed it and I read how they measured things, 99% of the time I walk away and go, okay, I'm not surprised they found what they found, right? Because, again...