Dr. Layne Norton

And.

I've seen this progression over the years, which at first the kind of low-carb, hardcore keto folks were carbs are bad, just blanket carbs are bad.

And then over time, that kind of shifted to, well, we think it's refined sugar is what's, you know, insulin.

And then, I mean, we've had so many randomized control trials now and meta-analysis that kind of show that like sugar isn't good for you, but if you're equating energy, like, I mean, I have several meta-analysis to show that it doesn't affect inflammatory markers, doesn't affect blood glucose metabolism, as long as you're getting in the same total calories per day compared to other diets and substituting out different carbohydrate sources.

So then it shifted to

And I think it coincides with – there's been a lot of low-carb people who also push for saturated fat to be healthy because – again, I think this is like confirmation bias.

We like animal protein.

We want saturated fat to be good for us because then we can justify more animal protein.

And hey, listen.

I always find it funny when people accuse me of bias on this because my research was funded by the National Dairy Council, the Egg Nutrition Center, and the National Cattlemen's Beef Association.

There is nobody with a stronger bias towards animal protein than me, right?

And I can remember when I did a debate with a carnivore person one time, I said, never in a million years, I think I'd be on a podcast defending the virtues of plants, you know?

So I'm not saying that...

there isn't some benefits to animal protein.

Everything's trade-offs.

But if we look at the literature, if you say seed oils are uniquely deleterious to health, then you have to say saturated fat is uniquely deleterious to health.

Because for every level of evidence for seed oils, there is stronger evidence for saturated fat to be deleterious on health.

So mechanistically, we know saturated fat raises LDL cholesterol.

We know LDL cholesterol penetrates the endothelium.

We know LDL cholesterol is a causative risk factor for cardiovascular disease.