Dr. Leanne Tenbrinke

If you keep getting information to the contrary in the future, like you should update your first impression, but your first impression can be quite valuable.

I don't know.

You know, I think it's up to every individual to think about what is valuable to them.

You know, if this is...

your parent, your child, you know, that it's, you may find a lot of value in maintaining that relationship, even though it is a difficult one.

I think what is fair to say is that these relationships are going to be hard.

You might need to

approach interactions with them in a more mindful way than you do with others because you can't quite count on them having the same kind of values like concerns about fairness, concerns about not causing harm to other people.

That said, I think it's up to each individual person to decide

interactions with people for all kinds of different reasons.

And we can't just, you know, throw people away so easily.

punishment doesn't hit them as hard, like neurologically speaking.

And so they don't experience what we call passive avoidance, which is kind of learning that that action came with a negative consequence and I want to avoid it in the future.

And so if you don't learn that, if your brain doesn't kind of register that as well as other people, then punishment ends up being a less effective tool for shaping these people's behavior in the future.

One thing that we really shouldn't ignore is the usefulness of reward.

And this is a thing that sometimes people are like, oh, they're a bad person.

I don't want to reward them.

But if you're not rewarding these individuals for doing something good,

Like if you are not rewarding them for doing something honest, doing something kind, then you're not teaching them the behaviors that we wish that they would engage in instead of the behaviors that they actually do.

And so some of the best research on treatment for kids with callous and unemotional traits really focuses on rewarding them for doing