Dr. Marcel Dirsus

But the problem that you had is that now there wasn't one man that was a problem, but now you had multiple men in camouflage wanting to become the leader. And this type of fighting has escalated to such a degree that you're now looking at a civil war where millions and millions of people have fled.

This stands in contrast, obviously a lot of things have gone wrong in Sudan, but this stands in contrast to democracies, right? When somebody like Keir Starmer loses power in the UK or when Angela Merkel stepped down in Germany, there's a process. There are institutions, there are courts, there are ways to go about things. But in a personalized dictatorship, you don't have any of this.

This stands in contrast, obviously a lot of things have gone wrong in Sudan, but this stands in contrast to democracies, right? When somebody like Keir Starmer loses power in the UK or when Angela Merkel stepped down in Germany, there's a process. There are institutions, there are courts, there are ways to go about things. But in a personalized dictatorship, you don't have any of this.

This stands in contrast, obviously a lot of things have gone wrong in Sudan, but this stands in contrast to democracies, right? When somebody like Keir Starmer loses power in the UK or when Angela Merkel stepped down in Germany, there's a process. There are institutions, there are courts, there are ways to go about things. But in a personalized dictatorship, you don't have any of this.

So every time a leader is changed, you have this massive risk of things going completely up in flames.

So every time a leader is changed, you have this massive risk of things going completely up in flames.

So every time a leader is changed, you have this massive risk of things going completely up in flames.

We say a lot of things wrong. We say Volkswagen instead of Volkswagen. Oh, that's weird.

We say a lot of things wrong. We say Volkswagen instead of Volkswagen. Oh, that's weird.

We say a lot of things wrong. We say Volkswagen instead of Volkswagen. Oh, that's weird.

You basically have to think about how you're going to make sure that your security forces are going to stay loyal. And there's a bunch of ways that you can do that. So most obviously you can give them opportunities for corruption or you can give them toys, right? Like new weapons, new kit, that sort of thing.

You basically have to think about how you're going to make sure that your security forces are going to stay loyal. And there's a bunch of ways that you can do that. So most obviously you can give them opportunities for corruption or you can give them toys, right? Like new weapons, new kit, that sort of thing.

You basically have to think about how you're going to make sure that your security forces are going to stay loyal. And there's a bunch of ways that you can do that. So most obviously you can give them opportunities for corruption or you can give them toys, right? Like new weapons, new kit, that sort of thing.

But one of the ways that you can also do it is to make any potential for change less attractive. So a lot of dictators in the past have done that by promoting a certain ethnicity, either their own ethnicity or some ethnicity that is somewhat allied to them, and basically made sure that they are in all the key positions in the military, in the police, in the intelligence services.

But one of the ways that you can also do it is to make any potential for change less attractive. So a lot of dictators in the past have done that by promoting a certain ethnicity, either their own ethnicity or some ethnicity that is somewhat allied to them, and basically made sure that they are in all the key positions in the military, in the police, in the intelligence services.

But one of the ways that you can also do it is to make any potential for change less attractive. So a lot of dictators in the past have done that by promoting a certain ethnicity, either their own ethnicity or some ethnicity that is somewhat allied to them, and basically made sure that they are in all the key positions in the military, in the police, in the intelligence services.

And what that meant was, is that Those people then had a massive incentive to defend the status quo, because if the regime were to fall, they would probably also lose their livelihood and they would also lose their positions.

And what that meant was, is that Those people then had a massive incentive to defend the status quo, because if the regime were to fall, they would probably also lose their livelihood and they would also lose their positions.

And what that meant was, is that Those people then had a massive incentive to defend the status quo, because if the regime were to fall, they would probably also lose their livelihood and they would also lose their positions.

And this was particularly prominent after the end of colonization in Africa, where a lot of African leaders, a lot of African independence leaders, had no idea what to really do with their militaries, because the colonial powers had deliberately set up the security forces of these territories and in a way that meant that they were not loyal to these new independence leaders.